Nozzle geometry for organic vapor jet printing

1. A first device, comprising:

a print head comprising a planar nozzle array, a height sensor, and a z actuator; the planar nozzle array comprising a first nozzle hermetically sealed to a first source of gas;

wherein the first nozzle has an aperture having a smallest dimension of 0.5 to 500 microns in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the first nozzle;

wherein, at a distance from the aperture into the first nozzle that is 5 times the smallest dimension of the aperture of the first nozzle, the smallest dimension perpendicular to the flow direction is at least twice the smallest dimension of the aperture of the first nozzle; and wherein the z actuator is capable of maintaining the planar nozzle array at 3 μm to 10 μm above a substrate surface in response to measurements by the height sensor.

2. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the planar nozzle array comprises a plurality of first nozzles hermetically sealed to the first source of gas.

3. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the planar nozzle array further comprises a second nozzle hermetically sealed to a second source of gas different from the first source of gas,

wherein the second nozzle has an aperture having a smallest dimension of 0.5 to 500 microns in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the second nozzle;

wherein, at a distance from the aperture into the second nozzle that is 5 times the smallest dimension of the aperture of the second nozzle, the smallest dimension perpendicular to the flow direction is at least twice the smallest dimension of the aperture of the second nozzle.

4. The first device of claim 3 , wherein the planar nozzle array further comprises a third nozzle hermetically sealed to a third source of gas different from the first and second sources of gas,

wherein the third nozzle has an aperture having a smallest dimension of 0.5 to 500 microns in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the third nozzle;

wherein, at a distance from the aperture into the third nozzle that is 5 times the smallest dimension of the aperture of the third nozzle, the smallest dimension perpendicular to the flow direction is at least twice the smallest dimension of the aperture of the third nozzle.

5. The first device of claim 4 , wherein the planar nozzle array comprises a plurality of first nozzles hermetically sealed to the first source of gas, a plurality of second nozzles hermetically sealed to the second source of gas, and a plurality of third nozzles hermetically sealed to the third source of gas.

6. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first nozzle has a constant cross section from the aperture to a distance from the aperture into the first nozzle that is 2 times the smallest dimension of the aperture of the first nozzle.

7. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the smallest dimension of the first nozzle in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the first nozzle continuously increases with distance from the aperture of the first nozzle for distances in the range of zero to 2 times the smallest dimension of the aperture of the first nozzle.

8. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the smallest dimension of the first nozzle in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the first nozzle increases linearly with distance from the aperture of the first nozzle for distances in the range of zero to 2 times the smallest dimension of the aperture of the first nozzle.

9. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first nozzle is formed from a metal.

10. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first nozzle is formed from a ceramic or of silicon.

11. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first nozzle has an aperture having a smallest dimension of 100 to 500 microns in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the first nozzle.

12. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first nozzle has an aperture having a smallest dimension of 20 to 100 microns in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the first nozzle.

13. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first nozzle has an aperture having a smallest dimension of 0.5 to 20 microns in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the first nozzle.

14. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the cross section of the first nozzle perpendicular to the flow direction of the first nozzle is circular.

15. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the cross section of the first nozzle perpendicular to the flow direction of the first nozzle is rectangular.

16. The first device of claim 3 , wherein the first device further comprises:

the first and second sources of gas,

a thermal barrier disposed between the print head and the first and second sources of gas, and

independently controllable heat sources for each of the print head, the first source of gas, and the second source of gas.

17. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the first device further comprises:

the first source of gas, the first source of gas further comprising a first sublimation chamber and a second sublimation chamber;

a thermal barrier disposed between the print head and the first source of gas;

independently controllable heat sources for each of the print head, the first sublimation chamber and the second sublimation chamber.

18. The first device of claim 1 , wherein aperture is formed in a protrusion from the print head.

19. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the print head has a flatness of about 2 μm over the nozzle array.