Nanoparticles with grafted organic molecules
An apparatus for producing grafted Group IV nanoparticles is provided and includes a source of Group IV nanoparticles. A chamber is configured to carry the nanoparticles in a gas phase and has an inlet and an exit. The inlet configured to couple to an organic molecule source which is configured to provide organic molecules to the chamber. A plasma source is arranged to generate a plasma. The plasma causes the organic molecules to break down and/or activate in the chamber and bond to the nanoparticles. A method of producing grafted Group IV nanoparticles is also provided and includes receiving Group IV nanoparticles in a gas phase, creating a plasma with the nanoparticles, and allowing the organic molecules to break down and/or become activated in the plasma and bond with the nanoparticles.
1. A method of producing substantially non-agglomerated, grafted Group IV nanoparticles, comprising:
synthesizing substantially nonagglomerated Group IV nanoparticles;
receiving the substantially nonagglomerated Group IV nanoparticles in a gas phase wherein the nanoparticles are suspended in the gas phase;
creating a plasma or an afterglow of a plasma to immerse the nonagglomerated nanoparticles and thereby causing the nonagglomerated nanoparticles to become negatively charged;
providing organic molecules to the nanoparticles; and
allowing the organic molecules to break down and/or become activated in the plasma or in the afterglow of the plasma and bond with the nanoparticles thereby forming organic passivation layers comprising carbon hydrogen bonds on the nanoparticles, wherein the passivation layers are bonded to the nanoparticles while in the plasma or in the afterglow of the plasma.
2. The method of claim 1 including collecting nanoparticles in a filter from the exit of the chamber.
3. The method of claim 2 including applying an RF signal to an electrode to form the plasma.
4. The method of claim 2 including injecting a gas into a liquid precursor to thereby bubble the liquid precursor and provide the organic molecules.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the organic molecules are acetylene or methane.
6. The method of claim 2 wherein the organic molecules are provided in the afterglow of the plasma.
7. The method of claim 2 wherein the Group IV nanoparticles comprises silicon or germanium.
8. The method of claim 2 wherein the organic molecules are provided in the plasma of the nanoparticles.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving nanoparticles comprises receiving doped nanoparticles.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein providing organic molecules comprises providing a liquid precursor.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein providing organic molecules comprises providing a solid precursor.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein providing organic molecules comprises providing a gaseous precursor.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the passivation layers comprise molecular monomers bonded to the nanoparticles.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles have a diameter of approximately 10 nm or less.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles are synthesized in a plasma and are transferred to the receiving step in the gas phase.