Toner, developer and image forming apparatus
A toner, including: a crystalline resin containing a urethane bond, a urea bond, or both thereof; and a compound represented by the following General Formula (1), wherein an amount of the compound represented by the General Formula (1) is 0.01% by mass to 0.25% by mass: C n H 2n+1 R General Formula (1) where n is 8 to 22 and R is COOH, NH 2 or OH.
1. A toner, comprising:
a crystalline resin containing a urethane bond, a urea bond, or both thereof; and
a compound represented by the following General Formula (1),
wherein an amount of the compound represented by the following General Formula (1) is 0.01% by mass to 0.25% by mass:
C n H 2n+1 R General Formula (1)
where n is 8 to 22 and R is COOH, NH 2 or OH.
2. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio [C/(A+C)] of (C) integrated intensity of a spectrum derived from a crystalline structure to a sum of the (C) and (A) integrated intensity of a spectrum derived from a non-crystalline structure in a diffraction spectrum of the toner obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement is 0.15 or more.
3. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio (Tsh 2nd/Tsh 1st) of a shoulder temperature of a peak of heat of fusion in a first heating (Tsh 1st) and a shoulder temperature of a peak of heat of fusion in a second heating (Tsh 2nd) in a measurement of the toner by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is 0.90 to 1.10.
4. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner has a volume resistivity (logR) of 10.5 to 12.0.
5. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the n in the General Formula (1) is 9 to 20.
6. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by the General Formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.050% by mass to 0.100% by mass.
7. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a storage elastic modulus at 70° C., G′ (70), is 5.0×10 4 Pa≦G′ (70)≦5.0×10 5 Pa.
8. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner includes, on a peak area basis, 7.0% or more of a component having a molecular weight of 100,000 or greater in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography; and wherein a weight average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner is 20,000 to 70,000.
9. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio [ΔH(H)/ΔH(T)] of an endothermic amount [ΔH(H), (J/g)] of an insoluble content of the toner to a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate [tetrahydrofuran/ethyl acetate=50/50 (mass ratio)] in differential scanning calorimetry to an endothermic amount [ΔH(T), (J/g)] of the toner in the differential scanning calorimetry is 0.20 to 1.25.
10. A developer comprising:
a toner; and
a carrier,
wherein the toner contains a crystalline resin containing a urethane bond, a urea bond, or both thereof, and a compound represented by the following General Formula (1),
wherein an amount of the compound represented by the following General Formula (1) is 0.01% by mass to 0.25% by mass:
C n H 2n+1 R General Formula (1)
where n is 8 to 22 and R is COOH, NH 2 or OH.
11. The developer according to claim 10 , wherein a ratio [C/(A+C)] of (C) integrated intensity of a spectrum derived from a crystalline structure to a sum of the (C) and (A) integrated intensity of a spectrum derived from a non-crystalline structure in a diffraction spectrum of the toner obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement is 0.15 or more.
12. The developer according to claim 10 , wherein a ratio (Tsh 2nd/Tsh 1st) of a shoulder temperature of a peak of heat of fusion in a first heating (Tsh 1st) and a shoulder temperature of a peak of heat of fusion in a second heating (Tsh 2nd) in a measurement of the toner by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is 0.90 to 1.10.
13. The developer according to claim 10 , wherein the toner has a volume resistivity (logR) of 10.5 to 12.0.
14. The developer according to claim 10 , wherein the n in the General Formula (1) is 9 to 20.
15. The developer according to claim 10 , wherein the compound represented by the General Formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.050% by mass to 0.100% by mass.
16. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an electrostatic latent image bearing member;
an electrostatic latent image forming unit configured to form an electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image bearing member; and
a developing unit containing a toner and configured to develop the electrostatic latent image which has been formed on the electrostatic latent image bearing member to thereby form a visible image,
wherein the toner contains a crystalline resin containing a urethane bond, a urea bond, or both thereof and a compound represented by the following General Formula (1),
wherein an amount of the compound represented by the following General Formula (1) is 0.01% by mass to 0.25% by mass:
C n H 2n+1 R General Formula (1)
where n is 8 to 22 and R is COOH, NH 2 or OH.
17. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein a ratio [C/(A+C)] of (C) integrated intensity of a spectrum derived from a crystalline structure to a sum of the (C) and (A) integrated intensity of a spectrum derived from a non-crystalline structure in a diffraction spectrum of the toner obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement is 0.15 or more.
18. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein a ratio (Tsh 2nd/Tsh 1st) of a shoulder temperature of a peak of heat of fusion in a first heating (Tsh 1st) and a shoulder temperature of a peak of heat of fusion in a second heating (Tsh 2nd) in a measurement of the toner by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is 0.90 to 1.10.
19. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein the toner has a volume resistivity (logR) of 10.5 to 12.0.
20. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein the n in the General Formula (1) is 9 to 20.