Managed pressure drilling
Embodiments of the present invention include methods and apparatus for dynamically controlling pressure within a wellbore while forming the wellbore. In one aspect, one or more pressure control apparatus are used to maintain desired pressure within the wellbore while drilling the wellbore. In another aspect, pressure is dynamically controlled while drilling using foam to maintain a substantially homogenous foam flow regime within the wellbore annulus for carrying cuttings from the wellbore.
1. A method for drilling a wellbore, comprising:
drilling the wellbore by injecting drilling fluid through a drill string disposed in the wellbore and rotating a drill bit, wherein:
the drilling fluid exits the drill bit and carries cuttings from the drill bit,
the drilling fluid and cuttings (returns) flow to a surface of the wellbore through an annulus formed between the drill string and the wellbore,
the drill string comprises:
a tubular body having a longitudinal bore therethrough, and
the drill bit operatively coupled to a lower end of the tubular body,
at least a portion of the wellbore is lined with casing,
a pressure sensor is disposed in the casing at a location in the wellbore, and
the pressure sensor is in communication with the surface via a cable;
simultaneously while drilling, measuring an annulus pressure using the pressure sensor;
simultaneously while drilling, transmitting the measured annulus pressure to the surface in real time via the cable; and
simultaneously while drilling, controlling a bottomhole pressure adjacent a formation using the measured annulus pressure by selectively adjusting a variable choke, thereby exerting a backpressure on the returns so that the bottomhole pressure is equal to or substantially equal to a pore pressure of the formation,
wherein the choke is disposed in the wellbore.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the drill string further comprises the variable choke longitudinally coupled to the body so that the choke is lowered down the wellbore with the body during drilling, and
at least a portion of the returns flow through the choke.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the choke comprises:
a body having a bore therethrough, and
a seal engaged with the choke body and the casing, the seal diverting the returns from the annulus and through the choke bore.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
a mechanical seal is disposed between the choke body and the drill string, thereby sealing an interface therebetween.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
the body comprises joints of wired drill pipe, and
the choke is in communication with the surface via the wired drill pipe.
6. A method for drilling a wellbore, comprising:
drilling the wellbore by injecting drilling fluid through a drill string disposed in the wellbore and rotating a drill bit, wherein:
the drilling fluid exits the drill bit and carries cuttings from the drill bit,
the drilling fluid and cuttings (returns) flow to a surface of the wellbore through an annulus formed between the drill string and the wellbore,
the drill string comprises:
a tubular body having a longitudinal bore therethrough, and
the drill bit operatively coupled to a lower end of the tubular body, at least a portion of the wellbore is lined with casing,
a pressure sensor is disposed in the casing at a location in the wellbore, and
the pressure sensor is in communication with the surface via a cable;
simultaneously while drilling, measuring an annulus pressure using the pressure sensor;
simultaneously while drilling, transmitting the measured annulus pressure to the surface in real time via the cable; and
simultaneously while drilling, controlling a bottomhole pressure adjacent a formation using the measured annulus pressure by selectively adjusting a variable choke, thereby exerting a backpressure on the returns so that the bottomhole pressure is equal to or substantially equal to a pore pressure of the formation,
wherein:
the body comprises joints of drill pipe, and
the method further comprises making up or breaking out a joint of drill pipe with/from the body,
the drill string further comprises the variable choke longitudinally coupled to the body so that the choke is lowered down the wellbore with the body during drilling,
at least a portion of the returns flow through the choke, and
the method further comprises maintaining the bottomhole pressure while making up or breaking out by closing the choke.
7. A method for drilling a wellbore, comprising:
drilling the wellbore by injecting drilling fluid through a drill string disposed in the wellbore and rotating a drill bit, wherein:
the drilling fluid exits the drill bit and carries cuttings from the drill bit,
the drilling fluid and cuttings (returns) flow to a surface of the wellbore through an annulus formed between the drill string and the wellbore,
the drill string comprises:
a tubular body having a longitudinal bore therethrough, and
the drill bit operatively coupled to a lower end of the tubular body,
at least a portion of the wellbore is lined with casing,
a pressure sensor is disposed in the casing at a location in the wellbore, and
the pressure sensor is in communication with the surface via a cable;
simultaneously while drilling, measuring a first annulus pressure using the pressure sensor;
simultaneously while drilling, transmitting the measured first annulus pressure to the surface in real time via the cable; and
simultaneously while drilling, controlling a second annulus pressure adjacent a formation using the measured first annulus pressure by selectively adjusting a variable choke disposed in the wellbore, thereby exerting a backpressure on the returns so that the second annulus pressure is substantially equal to a pore pressure of the formation.
8. A method for drilling a wellbore, comprising:
drilling the wellbore by injecting drilling fluid through a drill string disposed in the wellbore and rotating a drill bit, wherein:
the drilling fluid exits the drill bit and carries cuttings from the drill bit,
the drilling fluid and cuttings (returns) flow to a surface of the wellbore through an annulus formed between the drill string and the wellbore,
the drill string comprises:
a tubular body having a longitudinal bore therethrough,
the drill bit operatively coupled to a lower end of the tubular body, and
a variable choke longitudinally coupled to the body so that the choke is lowered down the wellbore with the body during drilling
the body comprises joints of drill pipe,
at least a portion of the returns flow through the choke,
at least a portion of the wellbore is lined with casing,
a pressure sensor is disposed in the casing at a location in the wellbore, and
the pressure sensor is in communication with the surface via a cable;
simultaneously while drilling, measuring a first annulus pressure using the pressure sensor;
simultaneously while drilling, transmitting the measured first annulus pressure to the surface in real time via the cable;
simultaneously while drilling, controlling a second annulus pressure adjacent a formation using the measured first annulus pressure by selectively adjusting the variable choke, thereby exerting a backpressure on the returns so that the second annulus pressure is substantially equal to a pore pressure of the formation;
making up or breaking out a joint of drill pipe with/from the body; and
maintaining the second annulus pressure while making up or breaking out by closing the choke.