Low density lightning strike protection for use in airplanes
Surface films, paints, or primers can be used in preparing aircraft structural composites that may be exposed to lightning strikes. Methods for making and using these films, paints or primers are also disclosed. The surface film can include a thermoset resin or polymer, e.g., an epoxy resin and/or a thermoplastic polymer, which can be cured, bonded, or painted on the composite structure. Low-density electrically conductive materials are disclosed, such as carbon nanofiber, copper powder, metal coated microspheres, metal-coated carbon nanotubes, single wall carbon nanotubes, graphite nanoplatelets and the like, that can be uniformly dispersed throughout or on the film. Low density conductive materials can include metal screens, optionally in combination with carbon nanofibers.
1. A film for providing a desired level of lightning strike protection to a composite or metal substrate, the film comprising carbon nanoparticle yarn infiltrated with resin, wherein the carbon nanoparticles comprise carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotubes are aligned through mechanical or chemical methods, the yarn is in the form of a braid disposed on the surface of the substrate, the maximum gap between adjacent yarns is less than about 0.120 inches (3.05 mm), and the yarn is present at a loading level that provides Zone 1A lightning strike protection.
2. The film of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanoparticle yarn further comprises graphite nanoplatelets.
3. The film of claim 2 , wherein the graphite nanoplatelets are structurally aligned through vibration, shear flow, or covalent bonding.
4. The film of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are aligned through optimizing the nanotubes to react with the tail or head of each nanotube such that it will self-assemble into alignment.
5. The film of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are aligned through vibration extrusion techniques.