Gas analyte spectrum sharpening and separation with multi-dimensional micro-GC for gas chromatography analysis
The disclosure describes embodiments of an apparatus including a first gas chromatograph including a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a first temperature control. A controller is coupled to the first temperature control and includes logic to apply a first temperature profile to the first temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool the first gas chromatograph. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a first gas chromatograph including a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a first temperature control; and
a controller coupled to the first temperature control, wherein the controller includes logic to apply a first temperature profile to the first temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool the first gas chromatograph;
a second gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a second temperature control;
a third gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a third temperature control;
wherein the fluid outlet of the first gas chromatograph is coupled to the fluid inlets of the second and third gas chromatographs by a heart-cutting valve, wherein the second and third temperature controls are coupled to the controller, and wherein the controller includes logic to apply a second temperature profile to the second temperature control and a third temperature profile to the third temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool the second and third gas chromatographs; and
wherein the heart-cutting valve comprises:
a first Y-splitter coupled to the fluid outlet of the first gas chromatograph,
a second Y-splitter coupled to the first Y-splitter, the fluid inlet of the second gas chromatograph, and a first secondary fluid connection, and
a third Y-splitter coupled to the first Y-splitter, the fluid inlet of the third gas chromatograph, and a second secondary fluid connection.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first temperature profile comprises:
a first time period during which the temperature control cools the gas chromatograph from an initial temperature to a first temperature; and
a second time period during which the temperature control heats the gas chromatograph from the first temperature to a second temperature.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the initial temperature is substantially room temperature, the first temperature is lower than room temperature, and the second temperature is greater than room temperature.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a three-way valve coupled to the first secondary fluid connection, the second secondary fluid connection, and a source of a secondary carrier fluid.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a first flow restrictor in the first secondary fluid connection and a second flow restrictor in the second secondary fluid connection.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the heart-cutting valve further comprises a flow resistor coupled to the first secondary fluid connection between the first flow restrictor and the second Y-splitter and coupled to the second secondary fluid connection between the second flow restrictor and the third Y-splitter.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the heart-cutting valve is formed on a microchip.
8. A gas analysis system comprising:
a substrate;
a cascaded gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet and one or more fluid outlets and being mounted to the substrate, the cascaded gas chromatograph comprising:
a first gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a first temperature control,
a second gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a second temperature control, and
a third gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a third temperature control;
one or more detector arrays having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and being mounted to the substrate, wherein the fluid inlet of each of the one or more detector arrays is fluidly coupled to a corresponding one of the one or more fluid outlets of the cascaded gas chromatograph;
a control circuit coupled to the cascaded gas chromatograph and to the detector array, wherein the control circuit includes logic to apply a first temperature profile to the first temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool the first gas chromatograph, and wherein the control circuit can communicate with the gas chromatograph and with the one or more detector arrays; and
a readout circuit coupled to the one or more detector arrays and to the control circuit, wherein the readout circuit can communicate with the control circuit and the one or more detector arrays;
wherein the fluid outlet of the first gas chromatograph is coupled to the fluid inlets of the second and third gas chromatographs by a heart-cutting valve, wherein the second and third temperature controls are coupled to the control circuit, and wherein the control circuit includes logic to apply a second temperature profile to the second temperature control and a third temperature profile to the third temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool the second and third gas chromatographs;
and wherein the heart-cutting valve comprises:
a first Y-splitter coupled to the fluid outlet of the first gas chromatograph;
a second Y-splitter coupled to the first Y-splitter, the fluid inlet of the second gas chromatograph, and a first secondary fluid connection; and
a third Y-splitter coupled to the first Y-splitter, the fluid inlet of the third gas chromatograph, and a second secondary fluid connection.
9. The gas analysis system of claim 8 wherein the first temperature profile comprises:
a first time period during which the temperature control cools the gas chromatograph from an initial temperature to a first temperature; and
a second time period during which the temperature control heats the gas chromatograph from the first temperature to a second temperature.
10. The gas analysis system of claim 9 wherein the initial temperature is substantially room temperature, the first temperature is lower than room temperature, and the second temperature is greater than room temperature.
11. The gas analysis system of claim 8 , further comprising a three-way valve coupled to the first secondary fluid connection, the second secondary fluid connection, and a source of a secondary carrier fluid.
12. The gas analysis system of claim 8 , further comprising a pre-concentrator having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the pre-concentrator is mounted on the substrate and coupled to the control circuit, and wherein the fluid outlet of the pre-concentrator is coupled to the fluid inlet of the cascaded gas chromatograph.
13. The gas analysis system of claim 12 , further comprising a filter and valve unit having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the filter and valve unit is mounted to the substrate and coupled to the control circuit, and wherein the fluid outlet of the filter and valve unit is coupled to the fluid inlet of the pre-concentrator.
14. The gas analysis system of claim 13 , further comprising one or more pumps having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein each pump is mounted on the substrate and coupled to the control circuit, and wherein the fluid inlet of each pump is coupled to the fluid outlet of a corresponding detector array.
15. The gas analysis system of claim 14 , further comprising:
a three-way valve coupled in the fluid connection between the pre-concentrator and the gas chromatograph; and
a fluid connection coupled to the three-way valve and to the fluid connections between the one more detector arrays and the corresponding pump.
16. The gas analysis system of claim 8 wherein the readout circuit includes thereon an analysis circuit and associated logic to analyze output signals received from the one or more detector arrays.
17. The gas analysis system of claim 8 wherein one or more detectors in each detector array is selective to a chemical that was unseparated or partially separated by the one or more gas chromatographs.
18. A gas analysis system comprising:
a substrate;
a cascaded gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet and one or more fluid outlets and being mounted to the substrate, the cascaded gas chromatograph comprising a first gas chromatograph having a first temperature control;
one or more detector arrays having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and being mounted to the substrate, wherein the fluid inlet of each of the one or more detector arrays is fluidly coupled to a corresponding one of the one or more fluid outlets of the cascaded gas chromatograph;
a control circuit coupled to the cascaded gas chromatograph and to the detector array, wherein the control circuit includes logic to apply a first temperature profile to the first temperature control to heat, cool, or both heat and cool the first gas chromatograph, and wherein the control circuit can communicate with the gas chromatograph and with the one or more detector arrays; and
a readout circuit coupled to the one or more detector arrays and to the control circuit, wherein the readout circuit can communicate with the control circuit and the one or more detector arrays;
a pre-concentrator having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the pre-concentrator is mounted on the substrate and coupled to the control circuit, and wherein the fluid outlet of the pre-concentrator is coupled to the fluid inlet of the cascaded gas chromatograph;
a filter and valve unit having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the filter and valve unit is mounted to the substrate and coupled to the control circuit, and wherein the fluid outlet of the filter and valve unit is coupled to the fluid inlet of the pre-concentrator;
one or more pumps having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein each pump is mounted on the substrate and coupled to the control circuit, and wherein the fluid inlet of each pump is coupled to the fluid outlet of a corresponding detector array;
a three-way valve coupled in the fluid connection between the pre-concentrator and the gas chromatograph; and
a fluid connection coupled to the three-way valve and to the fluid connections between the one more detector arrays and the corresponding pump.
19. The gas analysis system of claim 18 wherein the first temperature profile comprises:
a first time period during which the temperature control cools the gas chromatograph from an initial temperature to a first temperature; and
a second time period during which the temperature control heats the gas chromatograph from the first temperature to a second temperature.
20. The gas analysis system of claim 19 wherein the initial temperature is substantially room temperature, the first temperature is lower than room temperature, and the second temperature is greater than room temperature.
21. The gas analysis system of claim 18 wherein the readout circuit includes thereon an analysis circuit and associated logic to analyze output signals received from the one or more detector arrays.
22. The gas analysis system of claim 18 wherein one or more detectors in each detector array is selective to a chemical that was unseparated or partially separated by the one or more gas chromatographs.