Microreactor and method for preparing a radiolabeled complex or a biomolecule conjugate
A microreactor for preparing a radiolabeled complex or a biomolecule conjugate comprises a microchannel for fluid flow, where the microchannel comprises a mixing portion comprising one or more passive mixing elements, and a reservoir for incubating a mixed fluid. The reservoir is in fluid communication with the microchannel and is disposed downstream of the mixing portion. A method of preparing a radiolabeled complex includes flowing a radiometal solution comprising a metallic radionuclide through a downstream mixing portion of a microchannel, where the downstream mixing portion includes one or more passive mixing elements, and flowing a ligand solution comprising a bifunctional chelator through the downstream mixing portion. The ligand solution and the radiometal solution are passively mixed while in the downstream mixing portion to initiate a chelation reaction between the metallic radionuclide and the bifunctional chelator. The chelation reaction is completed to form a radiolabeled complex.
1. A method of preparing a radiolabeled complex, the method comprising:
flowing a precursor radiometal solution comprising a metallic radionuclide through an upstream mixing portion of a microchannel, the upstream mixing portion including one or more passive mixing elements, and the metallic radionuclide being selected from 60 Cu 2+ , Cu 61 Cu 2+ , 64 Cu 2+ , 67 Cu 2+, 66 Ga 3+ , 67 Ga 3+ , and 68 Ga 3+ ;
flowing a buffer solution through the upstream mixing portion;
passively mixing the buffer solution and the precursor radiometal solution while in the upstream mixing portion to form a radiometal solution comprising the metallic radionuclide, the radiometal solution further flowing through a downstream mixing portion of the microchannel, the downstream mixing portion including one or more passive mixing elements and being disposed downstream of the upstream mixing portion;
flowing a ligand solution comprising a bifunctional chelator through the downstream mixing portion, the bifunctional chelator being selected from DOTA and NOTA;
passively mixing the ligand solution and the radiometal solution while in the downstream mixing portion to form a mixed solution and to initiate a chelation reaction between the metallic radionuclide and the bifunctional chelator, a molar ratio of the metallic radionuclide to the bifunctional chelator being about 1:1, and the mixed solution comprising a concentration of >50 μm of the metallic radionuclide; and
completing the chelation reaction to form a radiolabeled complex,
wherein completing the chelation reaction comprises halting the flow of each solution and incubating the mixed solution for a residence time of at least 12 minutes, the incubation being carried out at a temperature of at least 37° C. in at least one microfluidic reservoir in fluid communication with the microchannel and disposed downstream of the downstream mixing portion, and
wherein the radiolabeled complex is obtained at a yield of at least about 80%.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising flowing a fluid into the microfluidic reservoir after the incubation to force the mixed solution through a reservoir outlet.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flowing of each of the solutions occurs at a flow rate between about 0.1 μL/min and about 5 mL/min.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bifunctional chelator is conjugated to a targeting biomolecule.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
flowing a chelator solution through a mixing portion of a second microchannel, the mixing portion including one or more passive mixing elements;
flowing a biomolecule solution through the mixing portion of the second microchannel;
passively mixing the chelator solution and the biomolecule solution to form a combined solution via a conjugation reaction; and
forming the ligand solution from the combined solution.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the width of the microchannel is between about 5 microns and about 500 microns.