Solar cell device

1. A photovoltaic dye cell for converting a light source into an electrical current, the photovoltaic cell comprising:

(a) a housing for the photovoltaic cell, said housing including an at least partially transparent cell wall, said at least partially transparent cell wall having a first interior surface and a second interior surface;

(b) an electrolyte, disposed within said at least partially transparent cell wall, between said surfaces;

(c) an at least partially transparent, first electrically conductive coating, disposed on said first interior surface, within the photovoltaic cell;

(d) an at least partially transparent, second electrically conductive coating, disposed on said second interior surface, within the photovoltaic cell;

(e) an anode disposed on said first electrically conductive coating, said anode including:

(i) a porous film, and

(ii) a dye, absorbed on a surface of said porous film, said dye, said electrolyte, and said porous film adapted to convert photons to electrons;

(f) a cathode disposed within said housing, said cathode disposed substantially opposite said anode, said cathode disposed on said second electrically conductive coating;

(g) a first plurality of electrically-conductive metallic wires, disposed at least partially within the photovoltaic cell, said wires electrically contacting said anode and said at least partially transparent, first electrically conductive coating;

(h) a second plurality of electrically-conductive metallic wires, disposed at least partially within the photovoltaic cell, said wires of said second plurality electrically contacting said cathode and said second electrically conductive coating; and

(i)) a current collection element, electrically connected to each of said electrically-conductive metallic wires in said first and second pluralities, and configured to remove, therethrough, the current produced by the photovoltaic cell;

a first plurality of grooves being disposed in said first interior surface of said at least partially transparent cell wall, a contiguity of said first electrically conductive coating being interrupted by said grooves, each of said grooves at least partially containing a wire of said first plurality of wires; and

a second plurality of grooves being disposed in said second interior surface of said at least partially transparent cell wall, each of said second plurality of grooves at least partially containing a wire of said second plurality of wires.

2. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , said electrolyte containing a redox species.

3. The photovoltaic cell of claim 2 , wherein at least one of said first plurality of wires is fully disposed within a groove of said first plurality of grooves.

4. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , at least one of said second plurality of wires being fully disposed within a groove of said second plurality of grooves.

5. The photovoltaic cell of claim 3 , at least one of said second plurality of wires being fully disposed within a groove of said second plurality of grooves.

6. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , further comprising a third electrically conductive coating including an inorganic binder and an inorganic electrically conductive filler, at least partially disposed within at least one groove of said first plurality of grooves, said third coating bridging between and electrically communicating between each of said first plurality of electrically-conductive metallic wires and said at least partially transparent, first electrically conductive coating.

7. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , said porous film containing titania.

8. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , said porous film baked on to said at least partially transparent, first electrically conductive coating.

9. The photovoltaic cell of claim 2 , said redox species including an iodine-based redox species.

10. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , wherein disposed in said interior surface of said at least partially transparent cell wall is a plurality of grooves, said wires at least partially disposed within said grooves, and wherein, in each of said grooves, said second coating encapsulates a wire of said wires.

11. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , further comprising a second electrically conductive coating including an inorganic binder and an inorganic electrically conductive filler, said second coating bridging between and electrically communicating between each of said first plurality of electrically-conductive metallic wires and said at least partially transparent, first electrically conductive coating.

12. The photovoltaic cell of claim 11 , said inorganic electrically conductive filler being selected from the group consisting of metal powders, metal oxides, metal carbides, metal borides, metal silicides, and metal nitrides.

13. The photovoltaic cell of claim 11 , wherein said inorganic electrically-conductive filler includes titanium nitride.

14. A photovoltaic dye cell for converting a light source into an electrical current, the cell comprising:

(a) a housing for the photovoltaic cell, said housing including an at least partially transparent cell wall, said at least partially transparent cell wall having an interior surface having a plurality of grooves;

(b) an electrolyte, disposed within said at least partially transparent cell wall,

(c) an at least partially transparent, first electrically conductive coating disposed on said interior surface, within the photovoltaic cell, a contiguity of said coating being interrupted by said grooves;

(d) an anode disposed on said at least partially transparent, first electrically conductive coating, said anode including:

(i) a porous film containing titania, and

(ii) a dye, absorbed on a surface of said porous film, said dye, said electrolyte, and said porous film adapted to convert photons to electrons;

(e) a cathode disposed within said housing, substantially opposite said anode, said cathode including an electrically conductive structure having a catalytic surface facing said anode;

(f) a plurality of electrically-conductive metallic wires, disposed at least partially within the photovoltaic cell, and at least partially within said grooves, said metallic wires electrically contacting said anode and said at least partially transparent, first electrically conductive coating, and

(g) a current collection element, electrically connected to each of said electrically-conductive metallic wires, and configured to remove, therethrough, the current produced by the photovoltaic cell.

15. The photovoltaic cell of claim 14 , further comprising a second electrically conductive coating including an inorganic binder and an inorganic electrically conductive filler, said second coating bridging between and electrically communicating between each of said electrically-conductive metallic wires and said at least partially transparent, first electrically conductive coating.

16. The photovoltaic cell of claim 14 , said electrically conductive structure of said cathode including an electrically conducting porous mat.

17. The photovoltaic cell of claim 14 , said electrically conducting porous mat including a carbon fiber veil.

18. The photovoltaic cell of claim 14 , said electrically conducting porous mat including a titanium mesh.

19. The photovoltaic cell of claim 14 , said electrically conducting porous mat including a coating including carbon or graphite.

20. The photovoltaic cell of claim 14 , said cathode including a catalyst coating supported on carbon or graphite.