Production of organic compound nanoparticles with high repetition rate ultrafast pulsed laser ablation in liquids
Disclosed is a method of producing a chemically pure and stably dispersed organic nanoparticle colloidal suspension using an ultrafast pulsed laser ablation process. The method comprises irradiating a target of an organic compound material in contact with a poor solvent with ultrashort laser pulses at a high repetition rate and collecting the nanoparticles of the organic compound produced. The method may be implemented with a high repetition rate ultrafast pulsed laser source, an optical system for focusing and moving the pulsed laser beam, an organic compound target in contact with a poor solvent, and a solvent circulating system to cool the laser focal volume and collect the produced nanoparticle products. By controlling various laser parameters, and with optional poor solvent flow movement, the method provides stable colloids of dispersed organic nanoparticles in the poor solvent in the absence of any stabilizing agents.
1. A method for producing a nanoparticle colloidal suspension of organic material dispersed in a poor solvent liquid, the method comprising steps of:
irradiating a shaped bulk target of an organic compound material with an ultrashort pulsed laser beam having a pulse duration of 500 picoseconds or less and a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz to 100 MHz, the target mounted during said irradiating over a flow cell holding the liquid so that at least a portion of the target is submerged below the liquid surface, the liquid being substantially transparent at a wavelength of the pulsed laser beam, the irradiation generating a nanoparticle suspension of the organic compound material in the liquid by ablation through the liquid and flow cell, the liquid and nanoparticle suspension being free of stabilizing agents and surface active agents, and the nanoparticle suspension being stable at 25° C. for 7 days; and
producing a movement of the liquid into and out of the flow cell and across a submerged target surface during said irradiating.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulse duration is from about 10 femtoseconds to 500 picoseconds.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulse duration is from 10 femtoseconds to 200 picoseconds.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulse duration is from 100 femtoseconds to 10 picoseconds.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulse repetition rate is from 10 kHz to 10 MHz.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulse repetition rate is from 100 kHz to 5 MHz.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam has a pulse energy ranging from about 1 nano-Joule to 10 milli-Joules.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam has a pulse energy ranging from 100 nano-Joules to 10 micro-Joules.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam has a laser fluence at a focus spot on the target surface ranging from about 100 micro-Joules/cm 2 to 100 Joules/cm 2 .
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam has a laser fluence at a focus spot on the target surface ranging from about 10 milli-Joules/cm 2 to 5 Joules/cm 2 .
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam has a wavelength ranging from about 400 nm to 4000 nm.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam has a wavelength of about 1045 nm.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles have an average diameter of 100 nm or less.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming the bulk target to have a cylinder shape by compressing a powder of the organic compound material.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target has a size of at least 1 mm in at least one dimension.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target has a size of at least 5 mm in at least one dimension.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid is deionized water.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the deionized water has a resistivity greater than 0.05 MOhm.cm.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the relative movement is provided at a rate equal to or greater than 1 mL/s.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid movement is produced by a liquid pump.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the moving liquid cools a region around the bulk target and transports the nanoparticles away from the region and toward a collection location.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flow cell has an optical window transparent to the laser beam.
23. The method of claim 1 , further comprising moving the laser beam relative to the target by at least one optical component during said irradiating.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the optical component is a vibrating mirror.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the vibrating mirror has a vibrating frequency of 10 Hz or greater and an angular amplitude of 0.1 mrad or greater so as to provide a movement speed of the beam on the target surface of 0.01 m/s or greater.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mounting is on a rotating mechanism spinning the target during said irradiating.