Closed cell materials
Fabrics made for watersports and outerwear apparel, tents, sleeping bags and the like, in various composites, constructed such that there is at least one metal layer, forming a radiant barrier to reduce heat loss via radiation, and insulating this metal layer from conductive heat loss, and a process for its manufacture.
1. An infra-red reflective composite comprising:
an outer layer comprising a foam material;
an inner layer comprising a fleece material;
a closed cell neoprene foam layer sandwiched between the outer layer and the inner layer, and
at least one metal layer facing the closed cell foam layer, comprising a material selected from the group consisting of Al, Cu, Au, Zn, Mg, Ti, Ag, AL2O3, stainless steel, AgGe, CuZn, CuSn, CuAg, or CuAgSn;
wherein the closed cell foam layer comprises a pattern of perforations through the closed cell foam layer, which create gaps that expose at least a portion of the metal layer; and
wherein said perforations expose over 30% of a surface area of the metal layer.
2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the closed cell foam layer is bonded to at least one of the layers.
3. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the outer layer is substantially liquid impermeable.
4. The composite according to claim 1 , further comprising an additional layer between the closed cell foam layer and the inner layer.
5. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein said outer layer comprises a closed cell foam.
6. The composite according to claim 4 , wherein the additional layer comprises a membrane selected from the group consisting of a knitted textile, a woven textile, and a non-woven textile.
7. The composite according to claim 6 , wherein the membrane comprises a material selected from the group consisting of Nylon, polyester, spandex, polypropylene, cotton, and wool.
8. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the closed cell foam layer comprises a material that has substantially less thermal conductivity than the metal layer.
9. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein said pattern comprises an array of shapes selected from the group consisting of circles, squares, diamonds, polygons, hexagons, or honeycombs.
10. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein said closed cell layer has a thickness between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.
11. The composite of claim 1 , further comprising a functional layer applied to at least one of the other layers.
12. The composite according to claim 11 , wherein said functional layer comprises an acrylic polymer.
13. The composite according to claim 11 , wherein said functional layer comprises a transition metal oxide.
14. The composite according to claim 11 , wherein said functional layer applied to the surface of the metal layer comprises a transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, tungsten dioxide and zinc oxide.
15. The composite according to claim 11 , wherein a functional component is added to said functional layer to provide at least one functional property.
16. The composite according to claim 15 , wherein said functional component comprises a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfonic, amino, amido, and ether to provide a hydrophilic functionality.
17. The composite according to, claim 15 , wherein said functional component comprises a fluorinated monomer to provide a water and oil repellency functionality.
18. The composite according to claim 11 , wherein said functional layer comprises a sol-gel that provides a hydrophobic microstructure.
19. The composite according claim 11 , wherein said functional layer comprises a biocide.
20. The composite according to claim 11 , wherein said functional layer contains a fluorinated group to provide a super-hydrophobic functionality.
21. The composite according to claim 11 , wherein said functional layer comprises a sol-gel with photocatalytic activity to provide an oxidative break down, in the presence of UV light, of organic materials that contaminate the surface of the substrate in a self cleaning action.
22. The composite according to claim 11 , wherein said functional layer comprises a colour additive.
23. The composite according to claim 11 , wherein said functional layer comprises a brominated monomer to provide a fire retardant functionality.
24. The composite according to claim 4 , wherein said additional layer comprises a membrane formed of a polyether selected from the group consisting of polyether ester, polyether amide, and polyether urethane.
25. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein said metal layer comprises a metallic film adhered to a surface of the outer layer.
26. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the metal layer has a predetermined emissivity.
27. The composite according to claim 1 wherein the metal layer is comprised of a material having a predetermined emissivity.
28. The composite according to claim 1 , further comprising a silver precipitate to provide antibacterial properties.
29. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein the metal layer has a thickness of between approximately 10 nm and approximately 200 nm.
30. An article of clothing comprising an infra-red reflective composite according to claim 1 .
31. The composite according to claim 25 , wherein said metal layer was coated onto a release paper by a process selected from the group consisting of sputtering, rotary screen printing, block screen printing, transfer printing, jet printing, spraying, and sculptured roller prior to being adhered to the surface of the outer layer.
32. The composite according to claim 4 , wherein said metal layer comprises a metallic film adhered to a surface of the additional layer.
33. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein said perforations expose at least about 40% of a surface area of the metal layer.
34. The composite according to claim 1 , wherein said perforations expose at least about 51% of a surface area of the metal layer.
35. An infra-red reflective composite comprising:
an outer layer comprising a fabric material;
a membrane layer adjacent to an inside surface of the outer layer;
a metal layer adhered to an inside surface of the membrane layer, comprising a material selected from the proud consisting of Al, Cu, Au, Zn, Mg, Ti, Ag, AL2O3, stainless steel, AgGe, CuZn, CuSn, CuAg, or CuAgSn;
an inner layer comprising a fleece material; and
a closed cell neoprene foam layer sandwiched between the metal layer and the inner layer, and
wherein the closed cell foam layer comprises a pattern of perforations through said closed cell foam layer, which create gaps that expose at least a portion of the metal layer;
wherein said membrane layer is substantially water vapor permeable; and
wherein said perforations expose over 30% of a surface area of the metal layer.
36. The composite of claim 35 , wherein at least one of the outer layer and the membrane layer is substantially liquid impermeable.
37. The composite of claim 35 , further comprising an inner membrane layer between the closed cell foam layer and the inner layer formed of a material selected from the group of a knitted textile, a woven textile, a non-woven textile, Nylon, polyester, spandex, polypropylene, cotton, wool, polyether ester, polyether amide, and polyether urethane.
38. The composite according to claim 35 , wherein said perforations expose at least about 40% of a surface area of the metal layer.
39. The composite according to claim 35 , wherein said perforations expose at least about 51% of a surface area of the metal layer.
40. The composite according to claim 35 , wherein said metal layer was coated onto a release paper by a process selected from the group consisting of sputtering, rotary screen printing, block screen printing, transfer printing, jet printing, spraying, and sculptured roller prior to being adhered to the surface of the outer layer.
41. The composite according to claim 35 , further comprising a functional layer applied to at least one of the layers of claim 35 .
42. The composite according to claim 41 , wherein said functional layer comprises a component selected from the group consisting of an acrylic polymer, a transition metal oxide, hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfonic, amino, amido, ether, a fluorinated monomer, a sol-gel, a biocide, a fluorinated group, and a brominated monomer.