Pre-processing assembly for pre-processing fuel feedstocks for use in a fuel cell system
A pre-processing assembly and method for processing fuel feedstock containing oxygen and hydrocarbons having higher and lower hydrocarbon content for a fuel cell, wherein the pre-processing assembly has a deoxidizing bed for reducing oxygen in the fuel feedstock and a pre-reforming bed for reducing higher hydrocarbon content in the fuel feedstock and wherein the deoxidizing bed and the pre-reforming bed are disposed within a common reaction vessel such that the fuel feedstock first passes through the deoxidizing bed and thereafter through the pre-reforming bed. The pre-reforming assembly may further include a propane processor bed for processing propane and propylene in the fuel feedstock, where the propane processor bed is disposed within the common reaction vessel with the deoxidizing bed and the pre-reforming bed.
1. A pre-processing assembly for processing fuel feedstock for a fuel cell, said pre-processing assembly comprising:
a supply unit for supplying the fuel feedstock to the pre-processing assembly, wherein the fuel feedstock includes oxygen and hydrocarbons having higher and lower hydrocarbon content and the hydrocarbons having higher hydrocarbon content include at least one of propylene and propane;
a deoxidizing unit for reducing the oxygen in said fuel feedstock;
a propane processor unit for reducing propylene and propane in said fuel feedstock to lower hydrocarbons, wherein the propane processor unit outputs a partially processed fuel feedstock with a reduced propylene and propane content and an increased lower hydrocarbon content; and
a pre-reforming unit for reducing the higher hydrocarbon content in said partially processed fuel feedstock,
wherein the propane processor unit is separate from the pre-reforming unit, and the propane processor unit and the pre-reforming unit are disposed so that the fuel feedstock passes through the propane processor unit and thereafter the partially processed fuel feedstock output from the propane processor unit passes through the pre-reforming bed; and
wherein the propane processor unit includes a first catalyst selective toward propane and propylene and comprising a nickel-based carbon resistant catalyst, and the pre-reforming unit includes a pre-reforming catalyst different from the first catalyst, and
wherein the deoxidizing unit is downstream from the supply unit, the propane processor unit is downstream from the deoxidizing unit, and the pre-reforming unit is downstream from the propane processor unit.
2. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said deoxidizing unit, said propane processor unit and said pre-reforming unit are disposed within a common vessel.
3. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 2 , wherein said deoxidizing unit comprises a deoxidizing bed, said pre-reforming unit comprises a pre-reforming bed and said propane processor unit comprises a propane processor bed.
4. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 3 , wherein said deoxidizing bed, said propane processor bed and said pre-reforming bed are disposed within said common vessel such that said fuel feedstock passes through said deoxidizing bed first, then through one of said propane processor bed and said pre-reforming bed, and thereafter through the other of said propane processor bed and said pre-reforming bed.
5. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 4 , wherein said deoxidizing bed, said propane processor bed and said pre-reforming bed are disposed within said common vessel such that said fuel feedstock passes through said deoxidizing bed first, then through said propane processor bed, and thereafter through said pre-reforming bed.
6. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 4 , wherein said deoxidizing bed comprises a deoxidizing catalyst and said pre-reforming bed comprises a pre-reforming catalyst.
7. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 6 , wherein said deoxidizing catalyst is one of Pt—Pd on alumina catalyst, Pt—Rh-based catalyst and Rh—Pd-based alumina catalyst.
8. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 7 , wherein said deoxidizing catalyst is G-74D.
9. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 7 , wherein said pre-reforming catalyst is a nickel based catalyst.
10. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 9 , wherein said pre-reforming catalyst is one of C11-PR, CRG-F, CRG-LH and G-180.
11. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 10 , wherein said first catalyst is FCR-HC59.
12. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 11 , wherein:
said deoxidizing bed has a volume of 0.7 cubic feet;
said propane processor bed has a volume of 0.75 cubic feet;
said pre-reforming bed has a volume of 1.7 cubic feet.
13. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 12 , wherein:
the space velocity of said fuel feedstock in said deoxidizing bed is between 5,000 and 10,000 h −1 ;
the space velocity of said fuel feedstock in said propane processor bed is between 1900 and 10,000 h −1 ; and
the space velocity of said fuel feedstock in said pre-reforming processor bed is between 2,000 and 5,000 h −1 .
14. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 13 , wherein the fuel inlet temperature is between 300 and 450° C.
15. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 14 , wherein said deoxidizer bed is adapted to operate at a temperature between 300° C. and 600° C., said propane processor bed is adapted to operate at a temperature between 300° C. and 540° C., and said pre-reforming bed is adapted to operate at temperature between 300° C. and 540° C.
16. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 15 , wherein the steam to carbon ratio in said fuel feedstock is between 2.9 and 3.4.
17. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said pre-reforming unit is further adapted to remove sulfur-containing compounds from said fuel feedstock.
18. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said assembly is adapted to process natural gas, HD-5 and LPG hydrocarbon fuel feedstocks to produce methane rich gas for use in a high temperature fuel cell.
19. A pre-processing assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum superficial velocity of the fuel feedstock in the pre-reforming unit is no greater than 1.3 ft/s at STP conditions in order to ensure increased hydrogen back diffusion in the pre-reforming unit so as to maintain the reducing atmosphere in the pre-reforming unit.
20. The pre-processing assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst in the propane processor unit comprises the nickel-based carbon resistant catalyst for converting propane and propylene in the fuel feedstock to methane and carbon oxides so as to prevent carbon formation and carbon deposition in the pre-reforming unit.
21. The pre-processing assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst comprises the nickel-based carbon-resistant catalyst doped with one or more promoters, the one or more promoters comprising one or more of cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, palladium and platinum.
22. A pre-processing assembly for processing fuel feedstock for a fuel cell, said pre-processing assembly comprising:
a supply unit for supplying the fuel feedstock to the pre-processing assembly, wherein the fuel feedstock includes oxygen and hydrocarbons having higher and lower hydrocarbon content and the hydrocarbons having higher hydrocarbon content include at least one of propylene and propane;
a deoxidizing unit for reducing the oxygen in said fuel feedstock;
a propane processor unit for reducing propylene and propane in said fuel feedstock to lower hydrocarbons, wherein the propane processor unit outputs a partially processed fuel feedstock with a reduced propylene and propane content and an increased lower hydrocarbon content; and
a pre-reforming unit for reducing the higher hydrocarbon content in said partially processed fuel feedstock,
wherein the propane processor unit includes a first catalyst selective toward propane and propylene and comprising a carbon resistant nickel-based catalyst doped with one or more promoters, the one or more promoters including one or more of cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, palladium and platinum, and
wherein the deoxidizing unit is downstream from the supply unit, the propane processor unit is downstream from the deoxidizing unit, and the pre-reforming unit is downstream from the propane processor unit.