High wear-resistant bearing material and artificial joint replacement using the same
The present invention provides a bearing material that is excellent in durability and is capable of maintaining wear resistance over a long period of time. The bearing material of the present invention is a high wear-resistance bearing material 10 for being used under a humid environment comprising: a base body 12 made of a polymer material having a methylene group; and a polymer layer 30 covering a bearing surface 16 of the substrate 12 , the polymer layer 30 comprising polymer chains which have a phosphorylcholine group and are grafted from the bearing surface 16 , wherein a phosphoric index of the sliding surface 16 which is calculated by dividing a peak intensity of phosphate group in an infrared spectrum measured on the sliding surface by a peak intensity of the methylene group therein is not less than 0.28.
1. A high wear-resistance bearing material for being used under a humid environment comprising:
a substrate made of a polymer material having a methylene repeating unit; and
a polymer layer covering a bearing surface of the substrate, the polymer layer comprising polymer chains which have a phosphorylcholine group and are grafted from the bearing surface, wherein the polymer layer having the phosphorylcholine group has a static-water contact angle not greater than 20 degrees, and
wherein a phosphoric index of a covered bearing surface covered with the polymer layer is not less than 0.28, the phosphoric index being calculated by dividing a peak intensity of a phosphate group of the polymer layer in an infrared spectrum measured on the covered bearing surface by a peak intensity of the methylene repeating unit of the bearing surface in the infrared spectrum.
2. The bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphoric index is not less than 0.45.
3. The bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer layer has a thickness of 10 to 200 nm.
4. The bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer layer having the phosphorylcholine group has the static-water contact angle not greater than 14 degrees.
5. The bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein an atomic concentration of phosphorus atom obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the covered bearing surface is not less than 4.7 atom %.
6. The bearing material according to claim 5 , wherein the atomic concentration of phosphorus atom obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the covered bearing surface is not less than 5.3 atom %.
7. The bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein an atomic concentration of nitrogen atom obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the covered bearing surface is not less than 3.6 atom %.
8. The bearing material according to claim 7 , wherein the atomic concentration of nitrogen atom obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the covered bearing surface is not less than 4.6 atom %.
9. The bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer layer is made of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine homopolymer.
10. The bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer material having the methylene repeating unit which is used for forming the substrate is an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having a molecular weight of not less than 3 million g/mol.
11. The bearing material according to claim 10 , wherein the polymer material having the methylene repeating unit is a crosslinked polyethylene formed by crosslinking the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.
12. The bearing material according to claim 11 , wherein the substrate made of the polymer material having the methylene repeating unit contains a free radical.
13. The bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein the bearing material constitutes a polymer bearing component for an artificial joint including an artificial hip joint, an artificial shoulder joint, an artificial vertebral joint, an artificial knee joint, an artificial elbow joint, an artificial ankle joint, an artificial finger joint and an artificial disk.
14. An artificial joint comprising:
the polymer bearing component for the artificial joint according to claim 13 ; and
a corresponding component made of a ceramic or a metal against the polymer bearing component.
15. The artificial joint according to claim 14 , wherein the artificial joint is the artificial hip joint, the artificial shoulder joint or the artificial vertebral joint,
the polymer bearing component for the artificial joint being a cup part having a spherical covered bearing surface, and
the corresponding component being a femoral head part slidably received in the covered bearing surface of the cup part or in slidable contact with the covered bearing surface thereof.
16. The artificial joint according to claim 14 , wherein the artificial joint is the artificial knee joint, the artificial elbow joint or the artificial ankle joint,
the polymer bearing component for the artificial joint being a tray part having a curved, covered bearing surface, and
the corresponding component being a joint part in slidable contact with the covered bearing surface of the tray part.
17. The artificial joint according to claim 14 , wherein the artificial joint is the artificial finger joint, the artificial knee joint or the artificial elbow joint, all of which have a hinge structure,
the corresponding member being a shaft component having a shaft part both ends of which project, and
the bearing component being a bearing part having bearing holes in which the ends of the shaft part are fitted slidably.
18. A method of producing the bearing material claimed in claim 1 , the method comprising steps of:
forming the substrate made of the polymer material having the methylene group; and
forming the polymer layer on the bearing surface of the substrate by being grafted from the bearing surface with the polymer chains having the phosphorylcholine group,
the step of forming the polymer layer comprising processes of:
applying a photoinduced polymerization initiator on the bearing surface of the substrate; and
irradiating the bearing surface of the substrate with a ultraviolet light having an sufficient intensity so as to excite the photoinduced polymerization initiator in a state of being immersed in a solution containing a polymerizable monomer having the phosphorylcholine group,
wherein the solution including the polymerizable monomer has a monomer concentration of 0.25 to 0.50 mol/L, and
wherein an ultraviolet-ray irradiation time is not less than 40 minutes.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein an ultraviolet-ray irradiation time from 45 to 90 minutes in the process of exposing to the ultraviolet light in the step of forming the polymer layer.
20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the ultraviolet-ray irradiation time is not less than 80 minutes in the process of irradiating with ultraviolet light in the step of forming the polymer layer.
21. The method according to claim 18 , further comprising the step of irradiating the bearing surface of the substrate with a gamma-ray after the step of forming the polymer layer.
22. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the step of forming the substrate is a step of shaping an irradiated polymer material into the substrate, the irradiated polymer material being the polymer material having the methylene group previously irradiated with a high energy beam.
23. The method according to claim 22 , further comprising a step of preparing the irradiated polymer material having the methylene group previously irradiated with the high energy beam before the step of shaping the irradiated polymer material,
the step of preparing the irradiated polymer material comprising processes of:
irradiating the polymer material having the methylene group with a gamma-ray; and
heat-treating the polymer material irradiated with the gamma-ray below a melting point of the polymer material.
24. The bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphoric index is not less than 0.32.