Method, apparatus and optical interconnect manufactured by 3D printing
A method of manufacturing an optical interconnect includes 3D printing a plurality of non-intersecting and spaced apart optical waveguides from a material that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum after being cross-linked or polymerized in a region activated by the 3D printing. At least some of the optical waveguides change direction at least once by about 90°. The method further includes encasing at least each end of the optical waveguides with a material having a lower index of refraction than the material from which the optical waveguides are formed by 3D printing, to secure the optical waveguides. A corresponding 3D printing apparatus is also described.
1. An optical interconnect, comprising:
a plurality of non-intersecting and spaced apart optical waveguides 3D printed from a first material that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum after being cross-linked or polymerized in a region activated by 3D printing, at least some of the optical waveguides changing direction at least once by about 90°, and comprised of first sections formed as horizontal beams and second sections formed as vertical columns, wherein the second sections further comprise:
a first prism at one or both ends of the first sections of the optical waveguides disposed in the same plane, each of the first prisms orientated to reflect incoming light at about a 90° angle,
a block on each of the first prisms, and
a second prism on each of the blocks, each of the second prisms orientated to reflect incoming light at about a 90° angle; and
a second material encasing at least each ingress and egress end of the optical waveguides to secure the optical waveguides in a block, the second material having a lower index of refraction than the first material.
2. The optical interconnect of claim 1 , wherein adjacent ones of the optical waveguides are separated from one another by at least 1.5 μm.
3. The optical interconnect of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguides are completely encased by the second material and the block is a solid block.
4. The optical interconnect of claim 1 , further comprising one or more alignment structures for external alignment formed in the second material.
5. The optical interconnect of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of support structures 3D printed from the first material and extending perpendicularly between adjacent ones of the optical waveguides so that no appreciable light leaks into the support structures from the optical waveguides, the support structures configured to provide mechanical support to the optical waveguides.
6. The optical interconnect of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguides span a distance of at least 1 cm.
7. The optical interconnect of claim 1 , wherein the ingress ends of the optical waveguides terminate at a different side of the block as the egress ends.
8. The optical interconnect of claim 7 , wherein the ingress ends of the optical waveguides terminate at an opposing side of the block as the egress ends.
9. The optical interconnect of claim 1 , wherein the ingress ends of the optical waveguides terminate at a different plane than the egress ends.