Interband cascade lasers with engineered carrier densities
Methods for improving the performance of type-II and type-I ICLs, particularly in the mid-IR wavelength range, are provided. The electron injector of a type-II or a type-I ICL can be heavily n-doped to increase the ratio of electrons to holes in the active quantum wells, thereby increasing the probability of radiative recombination in the active quantum wells and reducing the threshold current density J th needed to achieve lasing. For both type-II and type-I ICLs, the doping should have a sheet density in the low-10 12 range. In either the type-II or the type-I case, in some embodiments, heavy doping can be concentrated in the middle quantum wells of the electron injector, while in other embodiments, doping with silicon can be shifted towards the active quantum wells.
1. An interband cascade light-emitting diode, comprising:
an active region having a plurality of cascading stages, each of the cascading stages including at least one active quantum wells;
a hole injector region adjacent the active quantum wells on a first side thereof, the hole injector region comprising at least one hole quantum well and being configured to inject holes into the active quantum wells; and
an electron injector region adjacent the active quantum wells on a second side thereof opposite the first side, the electron injector region comprising a plurality of electron quantum wells and being configured to inject electrons into the active quantum wells, a hole injector of a first stage being adjacent to an electron injector of a second stage, with a semimetallic interface being present therebetween;
wherein at least some of the plurality of the electron quantum wells in the electron injector region are n-doped to obtain a ratio of electron sheet density to hole sheet density in the active quantum wells of about 1.
2. The interband cascade light-emitting diode according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of the plurality of the electron quantum wells in the electron injector region are n-doped to a net sheet doping density of about 1×10 12 cm −2 to about 2×10 12 cm −2 .
3. The interband cascade light-emitting diode according to claim 1 , wherein the active quantum wells are type-I quantum wells.
4. The interband cascade light-emitting diode according to claim 1 , wherein the active quantum wells are type-II quantum wells.