Pigments of simultaneously substituted pyrochlore and related structures
A compound or a pigment comprising a compound where there is simultaneous substitution of more or more elements onto both the A and B sites of a pyrochlore lattice or a lattice related to a pyrochlore. The pigment comprises a compound with the formula of A y A′ y′ B x B′ x′ Z p . Elements A and A′ have a valence of 1, 2, or 3; and are selected from the elements of groups 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, and the first row of transition metals, excluding H, Pb, Cd, Hg, N, As, and Tl. Elements B and B′ have a valence of 3, 4, 5, or 6; and are selected from the elements of the first, second, or third row of transition metals, groups 13, 14, and 15, excluding V, C, Pb, and Tl. Element Z is selected from O, F, N, a chalcogen, S, Se, hydroxide ion, and mixtures thereof.
1. A pigment comprising a compound with the formula of A y A′ y′ B x B′ x′ Z p ; wherein:
1.5≦ y+y′≦ 2.5; 0.5≦ y≦ 2; and y>y′;
1.5≦ x+x′≦ 2.5; 0.5≦ x≦ 2; and x>x′;
5≦ p≦ 9;
A and A′ are elements having a valence of 1, 2, or 3, selected from the elements of groups 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, and the first row of transition metals, excluding H, Pb, Cd, Hg, N, As, and Tl;
A≠A′;
B and B′ are elements having a valence of 3, 4, 5, or 6, selected from the elements of the first, second, or third row of transition metals, groups 13, 14, and 15, excluding V, C, Pb, and Tl;
B≠B′;
Z is selected from O, F, N, a chalcogen, S, Se, hydroxide ion, and mixtures thereof.
2. The pigment of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from Sn, Zn, boron, and Al.
3. The pigment of claim 1 , wherein B and B′ are selected from Sb, Nb, Ta, P, Sn, Ti, Zr, Hf, W, Mo, and mixtures thereof.
4. The pigment of claim 1 , wherein the formal charge on A is +2, and the formal charge on B is +5.
5. The pigment of claim 1 , wherein the formal charge on A is +3, and the formal charge on B is +4.
6. The pigment of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a pyrochlore structure.
7. The pigment of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a fluorite structure.
8. The pigment of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a weberite structure.
9. The pigment of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from a rare earth metal or mixtures thereof.
10. A pigment comprising a compound with the formula of A y A y′ B x B′ x′ Z p ; wherein:
0.5≦ y+y′≦ 2, and y>y′;
0.5≦ x+x′≦ 2, and x>x′;
5≦ p≦ 9;
A and A′ are elements having a valence of 1, 2, or 3, selected from the elements of groups 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, and the first row of transition metals, excluding H;
A≠A′;
B and B′ are selected from elements having a valence of 3, 4, 5, or 6, selected from the elements of the first, second, or third row of transition metals, group 13, 14, and 15, excluding V, C, Pb, and Tl;
wherein either A comprises at least one of Al or boron, or B comprises P;
B≠B′;
Z is selected from O, F, N, a chalcogen, S, Se, hydroxide ion, and mixtures thereof.
11. The pigment of claim 10 , wherein A comprises an element selected from Sn, Zn, boron, and Al.
12. The pigment of claim 10 , wherein B and B′ independently comprise an element selected from Sb, Nb, Ta, P, Sn, Ti, Zr, Hf, W, Mo, and mixtures thereof.
13. The pigment of claim 10 , wherein the formal charge on A is +2, and the formal charge on B is +5.
14. The pigment of claim 10 , wherein the formal charge on A is +3, and the formal charge on B is +4.
15. The pigment of claim 10 , wherein the compound has a pyrochlore structure.
16. The pigment of claim 10 , wherein the compound has a fluorite structure.
17. The pigment of claim 10 , wherein the compound has a weberite structure.
18. The pigment of claim 10 , wherein A is selected from a rare earth metal or mixtures thereof.