Toner, developer, image forming apparatus, and image forming method
To provide a toner, which contains: a binder resin; a colorant; and wax, wherein the toner has Ta of 30° C. to 55° C., and Tb−Ta of 8° C. to 25° C., where Ta is a glass transition temperature of the toner determined from a constant heating component of a DSC curve of the toner obtained in a second heating process of temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and Tb is a glass transition temperature of the toner determined from a constant heating component of a DSC curve of the toner obtained in a first heating process of temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry.
1. A toner comprising:
a binder resin comprising a crystalline polyester resin and a modified polyester resin;
a colorant; and
wax,
wherein the modified polyester resin comprises at least one member selected from urea-modified polyester resin, urethane-modified polyester resin, styrene-modified polyester resin, acryl-modified polyester resin, and silicone modified polyester resin,
wherein the modified polyester resin is obtained by reacting bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct, bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct and trimellitic acid as a monomer, and
wherein the toner has Ta of from 30° C. to 55° C., and a Tb−Ta of from 8° C. to 25° C.,
Ta is a glass transition temperature of the toner determined from a constant heating component of a DSC curve of the toner obtained in a second heating process of temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry, in which the temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry is performed by a process comprising:
heating the toner from 0° C. to 150° C. at a heating rate of 3° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec;
cooling from 150° C. to 0° C. at a cooling rate of 20° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec; and then
heating from 0° C. to 150° C. at a heating rate of 3° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec,
Tb is a glass transition temperature of the toner determined from a constant heating component of a DSC curve of the toner obtained in a first heating process of temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry, in which after heating the toner to 150° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min by a differential scanning calorimeter, self-cooling, and leaving the toner to stand for 1 month, the temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry is performed by a process comprising heating the toner from 0° C. to 150° C. at a heating rate of 3° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec.
2. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner has a Tb−Ta of from 10° C. to 20° C.
3. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the polyester resin comprising the chloroform insoluble component comprises the chloroform insoluble component in an amount of from 10% by mass to 40% by mass.
4. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
a latent electrostatic image bearing member;
a latent electrostatic image forming unit configured to form a latent electrostatic image on the latent electrostatic image bearing member;
a developing unit configured to develop the latent electrostatic image with a toner to form a visible image;
a transferring unit configured to transfer the visible image to a recording medium; and
a fixing unit configured to fix the transferred image onto the recording medium,
wherein the toner comprises:
a binder resin comprising a crystalline polyester resin and a modified polyester resin;
a colorant; and
wax,
wherein the modified polyester resin comprises at least one member selected from urea-modified polyester resin, urethane-modified polyester resin, styrene-modified polyester resin, acryl-modified polyester resin, and silicone modified polyester resin,
wherein the modified polyester resin is obtained by reacting bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct, bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct and trimellitic acid as a monomer, and
wherein the toner has Ta of from 30° C. to 55° C., and a Tb−Ta of from 8° C. to 25° C.,
Ta is a glass transition temperature of the toner determined from a constant heating component of a DSC curve of the toner obtained in a second heating process of temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry, in which the temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry is performed by a process comprising:
heating the toner from 0° C. to 150° C. at a heating rate of 3° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec;
cooling from 150° C. to 0° C. at a cooling rate of 20° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec; and then
heating from 0° C. to 150° C. at a heating rate of 3° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec,
Tb is a glass transition temperature of the toner determined from a constant heating component of a DSC curve of the toner obtained in a first heating process of temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry, in which after heating the toner to 150° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min by a differential scanning calorimeter, self-cooling, and leaving the toner to stand for 1 month, the temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry is performed by a process comprising heating the toner from 0° C. to 150° C. at a heating rate of 3° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec.
5. An image forming method, comprising:
forming a latent electrostatic image on a latent electrostatic image bearing member;
developing the latent electrostatic image with a toner to form a visible image;
transferring the visible image to a recording medium; and
fixing the transferred image onto the recording medium,
wherein the toner comprises:
a binder resin comprising a crystalline polyester resin and a modified polyester resin;
a colorant; and
wax,
wherein the modified polyester resin comprises at least one member selected from urea-modified polyester resin, urethane-modified polyester resin, styrene-modified polyester resin, acryl-modified polyester resin, and silicone modified polyester resin,
wherein the modified polyester resin is obtained by reacting bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct, bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct and trimellitic acid as a monomer, and
wherein the toner has Ta of from 30° C. to 55° C., and a Tb−Ta of from 8° C. to 25° C.,
Ta is a glass transition temperature of the toner determined from a constant heating component of a DSC curve of the toner obtained in a second heating process of temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry, in which the temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry is performed by a process comprising:
heating the toner from 0° C. to 150° C. at a heating rate of 3° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec;
cooling from 150° C. to 0° C. at a cooling rate of 20° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec; and then
heating from 0° C. to 150° C. at a heating rate of 3° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec,
Tb is a glass transition temperature of the toner determined from a constant heating component of a DSC curve of the toner obtained in a first heating process of temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry, in which after heating the toner to 150° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min by a differential scanning calorimeter, self-cooling, and leaving the toner to stand for 1 month, the temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry is performed by a process comprising heating the toner from 0° C. to 150° C. at a heating rate of 3° C./min, and a modulation cycle of 0.5° C./60 sec.
6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the toner has a Tb−Ta of from 10° C. to 20° C.
7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the polyester resin comprising the chloroform insoluble component comprises the chloroform insoluble component in an amount of from 10% by mass to 40% by mass.
8. The image forming method according to claim 5 , wherein the toner has a Tb−Ta of from 10° C. to 20° C.
9. The image forming method according to claim 5 , wherein the polyester resin comprising the chloroform insoluble component comprises the chloroform insoluble component in an amount of from 10% by mass to 40% by mass.
10. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the binder resin further comprises a polyester resin comprising a chloroform insoluble component.
11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the binder resin further comprises a polyester resin comprising a chloroform insoluble component.
12. The image forming method according to claim 5 , wherein the binder resin further comprises a polyester resin copmrising a chloroform insoluble component.
13. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin is obtained by reacting a carboxylic acid component and an alcohol component;
wherein the carboxylic acid component is selected from 1,8-octanedioic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid and terephthalic acid, and the alcohol component is selected from 1,8-octanediol and 1,6-hexanediol.
14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin is obtained by reacting a carboxylic acid component and an alcohol component;
wherein the carboxylic acid component is selected from 1,8-octanedioic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid and terephthalic acid, and the alcohol component is selected from 1,8-octanediol and 1,6-hexanediol.
15. The image forming method according to claim 5 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin is obtained by reacting a carboxylic acid component and an alcohol component;
wherein the carboxylic acid component is selected from 1,8-octanedioic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid and terephthalic acid, and the alcohol component is selected from 1,8-octanediol and 1,6-hexanediol.