Laminated diffractive optical element
A laminated diffractive optical element including a colorant-containing first layer having a diffraction grating surface with a grating height X and a second layer closely stacked on the diffraction grating surface of the first layer, wherein the relation of internal transmittances T λ, a and T λ, b of a material (a) for forming the first layer and a material (b) for forming the second layer satisfies the following (Formula 1) and the relation of the maximum and minimum internal transmittances T λ, MAX and T λ, MIN of the laminated diffractive optical element satisfies the following Formula (2): 2.0%≦| T λ, a −T λ, b | (Formula 1) T λ, MAX −T λ, MIN ≦8.0% (Formula 2) This reduces shading on the image surface resulting from the difference in transmittance of the optical element to provide a laminated diffractive optical element having reduced variation in transmittance.
1. A laminated diffractive optical element comprising:
a first layer having a diffraction grating surface with a grating height X; and
a second layer closely stacked on the diffraction grating surface of the first layer,
wherein where T λ, a is an internal transmittance of a material (a) that the first layer consists of, where the material has a thickness X, and T λ, b is an internal transmittance of a material (b) that the second layer consists of, where the material has a thickness X, each internal transmittance being an internal transmittance for at least one specific wavelength within the range of 450 nm ≦λ≦650 nm of a light beam with a wavelength λ, the following relationship is satisfied:
2.0%≦| T λ, a −T λ, b | (Formula 1)
wherein where T λ, MAX is an internal transmittance of the element at a part where the transmittance reaches a maximum for a light beam with a wavelength λwithin the range of 450 nm ≦λ≦650 nm, and T λ, MIN is an internal transmittance of the element at a part where the transmittance reaches a minimum for a light beam with a wavelength λwithin the range of 450 nm ≦λ≦650 nm, the following relationship is satisfied:
T λ, MAX −T λ, MIN ≦8.0% (Formula 2), and
wherein X satisfies the following relationship:
0.01 μm ≦X≦100 μm.
2. The laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 1 , wherein the material (a) of the first layer comprises a colorant selected from the group consisting of dye compounds and pigments.
3. The laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 1 , wherein both or either one of the materials (a) and (b) comprises an organic-inorganic composite, the composite comprising a resin and metal oxide fine particles.
4. The laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 3 , wherein the metal oxide fine particles are selected from the group consisting of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO).
5. The laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 3 , wherein the metal oxide fine particles have an average primary particle diameter in the range of 2 nm or more and 30 nm or less.
6. The laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 3 , wherein the content of the metal oxide fine particles is in the range of 0.5 vol % or more and 40 vol % or less relative to the resin.
7. The laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 1 , wherein the material (a) of the first layer comprises a dye compound.
8. The laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 1 , wherein the material (a) of the first layer comprises a dye compound and zirconia particles, and
wherein the material (b) of the second layer comprises an organic-inorganic composite comprising a resin and metal oxide fine particles, the metal oxide fine particles being selected from the group consisting of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO).
9. A laminated diffractive optical element comprising:
a first layer having a diffraction grating surface with a grating height X and being formed of a first material;
a second layer stacked on the diffraction grating surface of the first layer and being formed of a second material,
wherein for at least one specific wavelength λthat satisfies 450 nm ≦λ≦650 nm, the following conditions are satisfied:
2.0%≦| T λ, a −T λ, b |
T λ, MAX −T λ, MIN ≦8.0%
1 μm ≦X≦30 μm,
where
T λ, a is an internal transmittance of the first material having thickness X in the first layer,
T λ, b is an internal transmittance of the second material having thickness X in the second layer,
T λ, Max is an internal transmittance of the element at a part where the transmittance reaches a maximum for a light beam with a wavelength λ, and
T λ, MIN is an internal transmittance of the element at a part where the transmittance reaches a minimum for a light beam with a wavelength λ.
10. The laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 9 , wherein the diffraction grating surface has a pitch Y satisfying 1 μm ≦Y ≦2000 μm,
wherein the diffraction grating surface has a surface roughness Ra of 0.01 nm or more and 100 nm or less,
wherein the first material comprises a dye compound and zirconia particles, and
wherein the second material comprises a resin and metal oxide fine particles, the metal oxide fine particles being selected from the group consisting of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO).
11. The laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 10 , wherein the first material's dye compound is present in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 5.0 wt % relative to resins, organic-inorganic composites, and inorganic materials of the first material, and
wherein the second material's metal oxide fine particles are present in a range of 0.5 vol % or more and 25 vol % or less relative to the second material's resin.
12. The laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 11 , wherein the first material further comprises acrylic resin,
wherein the first material's zirconia particles comprise ZrO 2 fine particles,
wherein the second material's resin comprises acrylic resin, and
wherein the second material's metal oxide fine particles comprise ITO fine particles.