Method and apparatus for conversion of cellulosic material to ethanol
The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for conversion of cellulosic material, such as chopped straw and corn stover, and household waste, to ethanol and other products. The cellulosic material is subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of chemicals, and a liquid and a fiber fraction are produced. The fiber fraction is subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification. The method of the present invention comprises: performing the hydrothermal pre-treatment by subjecting the cellulosic material to at least one soaking operation, and conveying the cellulosic material through at least one pressurized reactor, and subjecting the cellulosic material to at least one pressing operation, creating a fiber fraction and a liquid fraction; selecting the temperature and residence time for the hydrothermal pretreatment, so that the fibrous structure of the feedstock is maintained and at least 80% of the lignin is maintained in the fiber fraction.
1. A method for conversion of a cellulosic material, comprising an enzymatic liquefaction of said cellulosic material at high dry matter content, said method comprising the steps of:
conveyance of cellulosic material through at least one pressurized hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor, followed by pressing to create a fibre fraction having dry matter content between 20-60% w/w and a liquid fraction;
application of enzymes to the fibre fraction to create an enzyme-loaded fibre fraction; followed by
mixing of the enzyme-loaded fibre fraction to provide liquefied material; followed by
submersion of enzyme-loaded fibre fraction into the liquefied material obtained from mixing enzyme-loaded fibre fraction.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said cellulosic material is a lignocellulosic material.
3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein said lignocellulosic material is selected from the group comprising: chopped straw, corn stover, chopped whole cereal, corn crops, bagasse and wood chips.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrothermal pretreatment involves heating of said cellulosic material to a temperature of between 170° C. and 230° C.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said cellulosic material has been subjected to cutting, chopping, grinding or milling for particle size adjustment.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said cellulosic material has been soaked at ambient pressures and temperatures up to 100° C. prior to the pressurized part of the hydrothermal pretreatment.
7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein said cellulosic material is dewatered prior to entering said hydrothermal pretreatment reactor.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrothermal pretreatment takes place without addition of acids or bases or other chemicals, which must be recovered.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said enzyme is selected from the group comprising: endogluconase, cellobiohydrolase and beta-glucosidase.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said application of enzymes to said fibre fraction is performed by mixing relatively warm fibre fraction with relatively cold enzymes.
11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the dry matter content of the enzyme loaded fibre fraction is increased by pressing.