Influenza viruses with mutant PB2 gene segment as live attenuated vaccines
The invention provides a recombinant biologically contained influenza virus that is a PB2 knockout virus, e.g., one that is useful to generate a multivalent vaccine, and methods of making and using that virus.
1. A vaccine comprising an effective amount of an isolated stable, biologically contained multivalent influenza virus comprising: i) 8 different gene segments including a PA viral gene segment, a PB1 viral gene segment, a mutant PB2 viral gene segment, a HA viral gene segment, a NA viral gene segment, a NP viral gene segment, a M (M1 and M2) viral gene segment, and a NS (NS1 and NS2) viral gene segment, ii) 8 different gene segments including a PA viral gene segment, a PB1 viral gene segment, a mutant PB2 viral gene segment, a HA viral gene segment, a NA (NA and NB) viral gene segment, a NP viral gene segment, a M (M1 and BM2) viral gene segment and a NS (NS1 and NS2) viral gene segment, or iii) 7 different gene segments including a PA viral gene segment, a PB1 viral gene segment, a mutant PB2 viral gene segment, a HEF viral gene segment, a NP viral gene segment, a M (M1 and CM2) viral gene segment, and a NS (NS1 and NS2) viral gene segment;
wherein the mutant PB2 viral gene segment includes 5′ and 3′ incorporation sequences including 3′ or 5′ coding and non-coding incorporation sequences flanking a heterologous nucleotide sequence and does not include contiguous sequences corresponding to sequences encoding a functional PB2, and wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence encodes a gene product that induces a prophylactic or therapeutic immune response to a pathogen.
2. The vaccine of claim 1 wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence comprises sequences for an antigen.
3. The vaccine of claim 2 wherein the antigen is a glycoprotein.
4. The vaccine of claim 1 which comprises H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, or H9 HA.
5. A method to immunize a vertebrate, comprising: contacting the vertebrate with the vaccine of claim 1 .
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the vertebrate is an avian or a mammal.
7. A method to prepare a biologically contained, multivalent 8 segment influenza A or B virus, comprising contacting a host cell with one or more vectors which include transcription cassettes for vRNA production and transcription cassettes for mRNA production, wherein the transcription cassettes for vRNA production are a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PA DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB1 DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to a mutant influenza virus PB2 DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus HA DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NA DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NP DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus M DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, and a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NS (NS1 and NS2) DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, wherein the mutant PB2 DNA includes 5′ and 3′ incorporation sequences including 3′ or 5′ coding and non-coding incorporation sequences flanking a heterologous nucleotide sequence and does not include contiguous sequences corresponding to sequences that encode a functional PB2, and wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence encodes a gene product that induces an immune response to a pathogen; and wherein the transcription cassettes for mRNA production are a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to a DNA coding region for influenza virus PA linked to a PolII transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to a DNA coding region for influenza virus PB1 linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, and a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to a DNA coding region for influenza virus NP linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, wherein the genome of host cell is stably augmented with a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to a DNA coding region for influenza virus PB2 linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, and wherein the host cell does not comprise sequences corresponding to PB2 coding sequences for vRNA production of a wild-type PB2 gene segment; and isolating the biologically contained virus from the host cell.
8. A method to re are a biologically contained, multivalent 8 segment influenza A or B virus, comprising contacting a host cell with one or more vectors which include transcription cassettes for vRNA production and transcription cassettes for mRNA production, wherein the transcription cassettes for vRNA production are a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PA DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB1 DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to a mutant influenza virus PB2 DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus HA DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NA DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NP DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus M DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, and a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NS (NS1 and NS2) DNA in an orientation for vRNA production linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, wherein the mutant PB2 DNA includes 5′ and 3′ incorporation sequences including or 5′ coding and non-coding incorporation sequences flanking a heterologous nucleotide sequence and does not include contiguous sequences corresponding to sequences that encode a functional PB2, and wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence encodes a gene product that induces an immune response to a pathogen; and wherein the transcription cassettes for mRNA production are a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to a DNA coding region for influenza virus PA linked to a PolII transcription termination sequence, a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to a DNA coding region for influenza virus PB1 linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, and a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to a DNA coding region for influenza virus NP linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, wherein the genome of host cell is stably augmented with a transcription cassette comprising a PolI promoter operably linked to a DNA coding region for influenza virus PB2 linked to a PolI transcription termination sequence, and wherein the host cell does not comprise sequences corresponding to PB2 coding sequences for vRNA production of a wild-type PB2 gene segment; and isolating the biologically contained virus from the host cell, wherein the cell is contacted with the vector for mRNA production of PB2 before the other vectors.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence encodes an antigen.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein the HA is a type A HA.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the HA is a H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, or H9 HA.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence encodes an antigen.
13. The method of claim 7 wherein the biologically contained virus is a 6:2 reassortant.
14. The vaccine of claim 1 wherein the biologically contained virus is a reassortant virus.
15. The vaccine of claim 14 wherein the gene segments for HA and NA are from a different isolate that the PA, PB1, PB2, NP, NS, and M gene segments.
16. The method of claim 7 wherein the cell is a 293 cell, a 293T cell, a DF-1 cell, a A549 cell, a Vero cell or a MDCK cell.
17. The vaccine of claim 1 wherein the heterologous nucleotide sequence is flanked by about 3 to about 400 nucleotides of the 5′ and/or 3′ PB2 coding region adjacent to non-coding sequence.