Quaternary ammonium corrosion inhibitor
The present invention relates to a corrosion inhibitor for use in the oil and gas exploration, recovery and processing industries. In particular, the invention relates to a quaternary ammonium compound suitable for use as such a corrosion inhibitor, to the manufacture of the quaternary ammonium compound, to compositions containing it, and to methods of using it. Quaternary ammonium compounds of the invention have the formula (I) in which R is C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl; X, Y, and Z are each independently hydrogen, or R1CO—, provided that at least one of X, Y and Z is R1CO, where R1 is C 5-23 alkyl or alkenyl containing 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds; D is C 2-6 alkylene; E is C 2-4 alkylene; p, q and r are each, independently, integers from 0 to 20, with the proviso that p+q+r is from 3 to 20; and A − is an anion.
1. A corrosion inhibitor composition comprising a water miscible organic solvent and a quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I):
wherein:
R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl, or aralkyl group;
one of X, Y and Z is a group of formula R1CO and the other two are hydrogen, where R1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing 5 to 23 carbon atoms and 0,1,2 or 3 double bonds;
D is a C 2 to C 6 alkylene group;
E is a C 2 to C 4 alkylene group;
p, q and r are each, independently, integers from 0 to 20, with the proviso that p+q+r is from 3 to 20; and A− is an anion.
2. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein R is a methyl group.
3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein D is a —CH 2 CH 2 — group.
4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein E is a CH 2 CH 2 — group.
5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein p+q+r is from 3 to 10.
6. A composition according to claim 5 wherein p+q+r is from 3 to 6.
7. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the quaternary ammonium cation has formula (II) below:
wherein each of p, q, r is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided that p+q+r is 3.
8. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium cation has formula (III) below:
wherein q+r lies between 3 and 10.
9. A composition according to claim 8 , wherein r+q is 4 or 6.
10. A composition according to claim 1 wherein R1CO is the acyl group of rapeseed oil fatty acid.
11. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition comprises a mixture of quaternary ammonium compounds, the mixture containing a higher proportion of mono-ester(s), in which one of the groups X, Y and Z is R1CO and the other groups are hydrogen atoms, than each of di- and tri-ester(s), in which two or three of the groups X, Y and Z are R1CO and the other groups are hydrogen atoms.
12. A composition according to claim 11 wherein the mixture contains at least 40% mono-ester(s).
13. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition is an aqueous solution.
14. A composition according to claim 13 which also comprises a corrosion inhibitor intensifier.
15. A composition according to claim 14 comprising about 5 to about 50% by weight of quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I), up to about 10% by weight of intensifier, and up to about 30% by weight of water miscible cosolvent.
16. A composition according to claim 14 , wherein the intensifier is a thiosulphate salt.
17. A method of producing a corrosion inhibitor composition comprising a quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I):
wherein:
R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl, or aralkyl group;
one of X, Y and Z is a group of formula R1CO and the other two are hydrogen, where R1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing 5 to 23 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds;
D is a C 2 to C 6 alkylene group;
E is a C 2 to C 4 alkylene group;
p, q and r are each, independently, integers from 0 to 20, with the proviso that p+q+r is from 3 to 20; and A− is an anion, the method comprising alkoxylation of a trialkanolamine followed by esterification of the alkoxylated trialkonolamine with an equimolar amount of R1COOH, quaternisation, and addition of a water miscible organic solvent.
18. A method of producing a corrosion inhibitor composition comprising a quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I):
wherein:
R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl, or aralkyl group;
one of X, Y and Z is a group of formula R1CO and the other two are hydrogen, where R1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing 5 to 23 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds;
D is a C 2 to C 6 alkylene group;
E is a C 2 to C 4 alkylene group;
p, q and r are each, independently, integers from 0 to 20, with the proviso that p+q+r is from 3 to 20; and A− is an anion, the method comprising esterification of a trialkanolamine with an equimolar amount of R1COOH, followed by alkoxylation of the esterified trialkanolamine, quaternisation, and addition of a water miscible organic solvent.
19. A process of protecting a metal surface against corrosion comprising contacting the metal surface with a corrosion inhibitor composition of claim 1 .
20. A process of protecting a metal surface against corrosion in a downhole application comprising:
contacting a downhole metal surface with a corrosion inhibitor composition of claim 1 .