Polymeric carriers for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization
Certain disclosed embodiments of the present invention concern the synthesis, derivatization, conjugation to immunoglobulins and signal amplification based on discrete, relatively short polymers having plural reactive functional groups that react with plural molecules of interest. Reactive functional groups, such as hydrazides, may be derivatized with a variety of detectable labels, particularly haptens. The remaining reactive functional groups may be conjugated directly to a specific binding molecule, such as to the oxidized carbohydrate of the Fc region of the antibody. Disclosed conjugates display large signal amplification as compared to those based on molecules derivatized with single haptens, and are useful for assay methods, particularly multiplexed assays.
1. A kit comprising a conjugate comprising a specific binding moiety conjugated to a detectable label molecule through a reactive functional group provided by a polymeric carrier comprising plural reactive functional groups selected from hydrazines, hydrazides, hydrazine derivatives, hydrazide derivatives, guanidines, aminoguanidines, hydroxyl amines, or combinations thereof, wherein the molecular weight of the polymeric carrier is between about 1,000 and about 50,000, and wherein the polymeric carrier comprises a polymeric portion selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylic acid, a polyacrylamide-N-hydroxysuccinimide, a polyethyleneimine, a polysaccharide, a polyethylene-alt-maleic acid, a polyamino acid, and a polyvinylpyrrolidone.
2. The kit according to claim 1 , wherein the specific binding moiety is selected from a protein, a nucleic acid, or a peptide nucleic acid.
3. The kit according to claim 1 , wherein the detectable label is selected from a hapten, an enzyme, a fluorophore, a nanoparticle, a metal chelate, or a liposome.
4. The kit according to claim 1 , wherein the detectable label is selected from a hapten, a fluorescein, a quantum dot, a luminophore, a coumarin, a BODIPY dye, a resorufin, or a rhodamine.
5. The kit according to claim 4 , wherein the hapten is selected from di-nitrophenyl, biotin, digoxigenin, fluorescein, rhodamine, bromodeoxyuridine, mouse immunoglobulin, or combinations thereof.
6. The kit according to claim 4 , wherein the hapten is selected from an oxazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, a benzofurazan, a triterpene, a urea, a thiourea, a nitroaryl other than dinitrophenyl, a rotenoid, a coumarin, a cyclolignan, a heterobiaryl, an azoaryl, a benzodiazepine, or combinations thereof.
7. The kit according to claim 1 , comprising plural hapten molecules coupled to the polymeric carrier.
8. The kit according to claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide is selected from cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, an amido dextran, a hydrazide dextran, a hydrazine dextran, glycogen, polyhyaluronic acid, starch, or combinations thereof; and the polyamino acid is selected from poly(aspargine), poly(aspartic acid), poly(glutamic acid), poly(glutamine), poly(lysine), poly(guanidines), or combinations thereof.
9. The kit according to claim 1 , wherein the specific binding moiety is an antibody and the polymeric carrier is directly coupled to an oxidized Fc portion of the antibody.
10. The kit according to claim 9 , further comprising a molecule, other than the antibody and the detectable label, bonded to the polymeric carrier through at least one reactive functional group.
11. The kit according to claim 10 , wherein the molecule is selected from a peptide, a protein, an enzyme, a sugar, a polysaccharide, a lipid, a glycoprotein, a lipoprotein, a hapten, or combinations thereof.
12. The kit according to claim 1 , wherein the detectable label is a hapten and the kit further comprises an anti-hapten antibody conjugated to a detectable label.
13. The kit according to claim 1 , wherein the kit comprises: two or more primary conjugates that each bind specifically to a target, each primary conjugate comprising a specific binding moiety conjugated to a hapten through a polymeric carrier comprising plural non-thiolated reactive functional groups selected from hydrazines, hydrazides, hydrazine derivatives, hydrazide derivatives, guanidines, aminoguanidines, hydroxyl amines, or combinations thereof; and two or more secondary anti-hapten conjugates, each of the secondary anti-hapten conjugates comprising a specific binding moiety conjugated to a detectable label.
14. A kit for indirect detection of a target in an assay, comprising: a conjugate comprising (a) a polymeric carrier comprising plural reactive functional groups selected from hydrazines, hydrazides, hydrazine derivatives, hydrazide derivatives, guanidines, aminoguanidines, hydroxyl amines, or combinations thereof, and (b) a specific binding moiety conjugated to the polymeric carrier and to a hapten through at least one reactive functional group provided by the polymeric carrier; and
an anti-hapten conjugate comprising a detectable label.
15. The kit according to claim 1 wherein the detectable label is selected from Avidin, an antibody, a nucleic acid, a peptide nucleic acid (PNA), an aptamer, an enzyme, a luminophore, a hapten, a fluorescent nanoparticle, or combinations thereof.
16. The kit according to claim 1 wherein:
the specific binding molecule is conjugated to the detectable label through a polymeric linker comprising plural, non-thiolated reactive functional groups; and
the detectable label is selected from Avidin, an antibody, a nucleic acid, a peptide nucleic acid (PNA), an aptamer, an enzyme, a luminophore, a hapten, a fluorescent nanoparticle, or combinations thereof.
17. The kit according to claim 1 wherein the specific binding moiety is an antibody that binds specifically to a target.
18. The kit according to claim 17 wherein the antibody is conjugated to plural different detectable label molecules through the polymeric carrier, the detectable label molecules being selected from haptens, enzymes, and combinations thereof.
19. The kit according to claim 18 wherein the polymeric carrier is directly coupled to an oxidized Fc portion of the antibody.
20. A kit comprising a conjugate comprising a specific binding moiety conjugated to a detectable label molecule through a polyacrylamide hydrazide carrier having plural reactive hydrazide groups, and wherein the polyacrylamide hydrazide carrier has a molecular weight of less than 10,000g/mol.
21. The kit of claim 20 , wherein the polymeric carrier is a non-thiolated polyacrylamide hydrazide.
22. The kit of claim 20 , wherein the polymeric carrier comprises between about 5 to about 100 hydrazide groups.
23. The kit of claim 20 , wherein the specific binding moiety is an antibody and the detectable label is a hapten.
24. The kit according to claim 20 , wherein the specific binding moiety is selected from a protein, a nucleic acid, or a peptide nucleic acid.
25. The kit according to claim 20 , wherein the detectable label is selected from a hapten, an enzyme, a fluorophore, a nanoparticle, a metal chelate, or a liposome.