Failure mitigation in arrays of light-emitting devices
In accordance with certain embodiments, an illumination system comprising a plurality of power strings features elements facilitating compensation for failure of one or more light-emitting elements connected along each power string.
1. An illumination system comprising:
a first power string connectable to a power source, the first power string comprising (i) a first power conductor, (ii) a first plurality of light-emitting elements connected along the first power conductor, and (iii) a second plurality of light-emitting elements connected along the first power conductor, the second plurality of light-emitting elements being distinct from the first plurality of light-emitting elements;
a second power string connectable to the power source in parallel to the first power string, the second power string comprising (i) a second power conductor, (ii) a third plurality of light-emitting elements connected along the second power conductor, and (iii) a fourth plurality of light-emitting elements connected along the first power conductor, the fourth plurality of light-emitting elements being distinct from the third plurality of light-emitting elements; and
a shorting member cross-connecting a portion of the first power string between the first and second pluralities of light-emitting elements with a portion of the second power string between the third and fourth pluralities of light-emitting elements, whereby during operation, upon failure of one of the first plurality of light-emitting elements, all of the first plurality of light-emitting elements cease illumination but the second plurality of light-emitting elements remain illuminated.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one light-emitting element comprises a light-emitting diode.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one light-emitting element comprises an unpackaged light-emitting diode.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein (i) in the first power string, the first and second pluralities of light-emitting elements are electrically connected in series along the first power conductor, and (ii) in the second power string, the third and fourth pluralities of light-emitting elements are electrically connected in series along the second power conductor.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one light-emitting element comprises a phosphorescent material for converting at least a portion of light emitted by the light-emitting element from one set of wavelengths to another.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one light-emitting element is at least one of mechanically or electrically connected to the contacts of a contact pair by an adhesive.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the adhesive comprises a conductive adhesive.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the adhesive comprises an anisotropically conductive adhesive.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one light-emitting element is at least one of mechanically or electrically connected to the contacts of a contact pair by solder.
10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a flexible substrate on which the first power string and second power string are disposed.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second power strings comprises an element for limiting the current flowing therein.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first or second power strings comprises an element for dividing current between the first and second power strings.
13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a power source for supplying power to the first and second power strings.
14. The system of claim 1 , further comprising, disposed over the first and second power strings, at least one of a homogenizing optic or a diffuser.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein, during operation, upon failure of one of the third plurality of light-emitting elements, all of the third plurality of light-emitting elements cease illumination but the fourth plurality of light-emitting elements remain illuminated.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the second power string comprises one or more additional light-emitting elements electrically connected to the third plurality of light-emitting elements, the third and fourth pluralities of light-emitting elements not including the one or more additional light-emitting elements.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the one or more additional light-emitting elements are electrically connected to the third plurality of light-emitting elements in series.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first power string comprises one or more additional light-emitting elements electrically connected to the first plurality of light-emitting elements, the first and second pluralities of light-emitting elements not including the one or more additional light-emitting elements.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the one or more additional light-emitting elements are electrically connected to the first plurality of light-emitting elements in series.
20. The system of claim 1 , wherein the light-emitting elements of the first and second power strings occupy points on a pattern and the first and second power strings follow nonlinear paths through the pattern, such that the light-emitting elements along each of the first and second power strings are not linearly disposed within the pattern.
21. The system of claim 20 , wherein the pattern is a rectilinear grid.