Process for making reinforcing elastomer-clay nanocomposites
A process for producing a natural rubber nanocomposite containing exfoliated organically modified montmorillonite and maleic anhydride grafted elastomer in a dispersion of natural rubber and reinforcing filler/inert filler wherein the cured nanocomposite has improved mechanical properties compared to conventional rubber compound containing a mixture of the reinforcing filler, carbon black and the inert filler, CaCO 3 .
1. A cured nanocomposite comprising:
a. an exfoliated phyllosilicate clay comprising an organically modified montmorillonite present in an amount in the range of about 4 to 8 phr, wherein the organically modified montmorillonite has been treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) such that the ratio of organically modified montmorillonite to PEG falls within the range of 1:0.25-1:0.75;
b. an exfoliating promoter selected from an anhydride group grafted elastomer present in an amount in the range of about 12 to 18 phr;
c. a natural rubber containing (a) and (b) dispersed therein;
d. a curing system comprising ZnO, stearic acid, sulfur, an accelerator, and an antioxidant;
e. an inert filler comprising CaCO 3 present in the range of about 30 to 90 phr; and
f. a reinforcing filler comprising coated CaCO 3 present in the range of about 10 to 30 phr, wherein the cured nanocomposite (nanocomposite vulcanizate) has a tensile strength in the range of about 16 to 20 MPa and a tensile modulus of 100% elongation at 2.5 to 3 MPa; and of 300% elongation at 8.5 to 12 MPa as measured by ISO 37: 2005 (E).
2. The cured nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the cured nanocomposite (nanocomposite vulcanizate) has a rebound resilience in the range of 68 to 75 as measured by ISO 4662-1986 (E).
3. The cured nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the cured nanocomposite (nanocomposite vulcanizate) has a heat buildup as measured in the range 8 to 10 deg C.
4. The cured nanocomposite of claim 1 further comprising silica or carbon black or a mixture thereof as an additional reinforcing filler.
5. The cured nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the exfoliating promoter is maleated natural rubber or both maleated natural rubber and polyethylene glycol.
6. A process for preparing a nanocomposite comprising:
i. providing
a. a phyllosilicate clay comprising a organically modified montmorillonite present in an amount in the range of about 4 to 8 phr, wherein the organically modified montmorillonite has been treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) such that the ratio of organically modified montmorillonite to PEG falls within the range of 1:0.25-1:0.75;
b. an exfoliating promoter selected from an anhydride group grafted elastomer, present in an amount in the range of about 8 to 18 phr;
c. a natural rubber containing (a) and (b) dispersed therein;
d. a curing system comprising ZnO, stearic acid, sulfur, an accelerator, and an antioxidant;
e. an inert filler comprising CaCO 3 in the range of about 30 to 90 phr;
f. a reinforcing filler comprising coated CaCO 3 in the range of about 10 to 30 phr (leave alone); and
ii. exfoliating the phyllosilicate clay by melt compounding/melt mixing of (a) with (c) in the presence of the other components (b, d, e, and f), and
iii. curing the resulting nanocomposite to form the cured nanocomposite, wherein the cured nanocomposite (nanocomposite vulcanizate) has a tensile strength in the range of about 16 to 20 MPa and a tensile modulus of 100% elongation at 2.5 to 3 MPa; and of 300% elongation at 8.5 to 12 MPa as measured by ISO 37: 2005 (E).
7. The process of claim 6 wherein the exfoliating of the phyllosilicate clay is carried out by melt mixing under high shear rate between 75 rpm and 85 rpm followed by a low shear rate between 55 rpm and 65 rpm.
8. The process of claim 6 wherein the curing occurs at a temperature between 130 -160° C. and a pressure between 15-25 MPa.
9. The cured nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the coated CaCO 3 is CaCO 3 coated with a long chain fatty acid, and the long chain fatty acid is a stearic acid.
10. A cured nanocomposite prepared by the process of claim 6 .
11. A cured nanocomposite comprising:
a. an exfoliated phyllosilicate clay comprising an organically modified montmorillonite present in an amount in the range of about 2 to 12 phr, wherein the organically modified montmorillonite has been treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) such that the ratio of organically modified montmorillonite to PEG falls within the range of 1:0.25-1:0.75;
b. an exfoliating promoter selected from an anhydride group grafted elastomer present in an amount in the range of about 2 to 18 phr;
c. a natural rubber containing (a) and (b) dispersed therein;
d. a curing system comprising ZnO, stearic acid, sulfur, an accelerator, and an antioxidant; and
e. an inert filler comprising CaCO 3 present in the range of about 30 to 90 phr; and
f. a reinforcing filler comprising coated CaCO 3 in the range of about 10 to 30 phr, wherein the cured nanocomposite (nanocomposite vulcanizate) has a tensile strength in the range of about 16 to 20 MPa and a tensile modulus of 100% elongation at 2.5 to 3 MPa; and of 300% elongation at 8.5 to 12 MPa as measured by ISO 37: 2005 (E).
12. The process of claim 6 wherein carbon black is additionally provided during the melt compounding/melt mixing.