Antimicrobial compositions for use in products for petroleum extraction, personal care, wound care and other applications
Compositions having antimicrobial activity contain surface functionalized particles comprising an inorganic copper salt which has low water solubility. These types of inorganic salts may also be introduced in porous particles to yield antimicrobial compositions. The compositions may optionally comprise additional antimicrobial agents, salts with high water solubility, organic acids, salts of organic acids and their esters. The compositions may be added to various fluids used in the petroleum extraction industry, or used as coatings on components used in this industry. These antimicrobial materials may be used for reducing both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria and are also useful for reducing corrosion of ferrous components caused by anaerobic bacteria. Although such compositions may be used for any antimicrobial application, and some of the other important uses of these compositions are in wound care, personal care and waste processing.
1. A copper releasing composition having antimicrobial activity comprising:
(a) particles comprising at least 51% by weight of an inorganic copper salt with a room temperature water solubility of less than 100 mg/liter wherein the surfaces of said particles are modified by at least one functionalizing agent with a molecular weight of at least 60; and
(b) at least one salt with a room temperature water solubility of greater than 1 g/liter; and
(c) the said particles have antimicrobial activity by release of ions as the said particles or a matrix in which the said particles are incorporated contacts a microbial environment.
2. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional antimicrobial agent.
3. An antimicrobial composition as in claim lwherein the particle size is less than 1,000 nm.
4. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 1 , wherein the salt with water solubility of greater than 1 g/liter is a halide salt.
5. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 1 , wherein the copper salt is copper iodide.
6. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 5 wherein the salt with water solubility of greater than 1 g/liter is sodium iodide.
7. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 1 which is incorporated in a liquid carrier or a solid carrier.
8. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 1 which is incorporated in a coating or coating formulation.
9. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 1 , wherein the functionalizing agent is selected from at least one of an anionic surfactant, amino acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, cinnamic acid, alkali ascorbate, alkali citrate and alkali cinnamate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, polyethyleneglycol, carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylamide, and copolymers comprising at least one of an anionic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyolefin and polyethylene oxide.
10. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 1 , wherein the said composition further comprises at least one of ascorbic acid, citric acid, cinnamic acid, alkali ascorbate, alkali citrate and alkali cinnamate.
11. A copper releasing composition having antimicrobial activity comprising:
(a) particles containing at least 51% by weight of copper halide wherein the surfaces of said particles are modified by at least one functionalizing agent; and
(b) at least one halide salt with a room temperature water solubility of greater than 1 g/liter; and
(c) the said particles have antimicrobial activity by release of ions as the said particles or a matrix in which the said particles are incorporated contacts a microbial environment.
12. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 11 , wherein the salt with water solubility of greater than 1 g/liter is an alkali halide.
13. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 11 , which further comprises at least one of ascorbic acid, citric acid, cinnamic acid, alkali ascorbate, alkali citrate and alkali cinnamate.
14. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 11 , further comprising at least one additional antimicrobial agent.
15. A copper releasing composition having antimicrobial activity comprising:
(a) particles containing at least 51% by weight of copper halide wherein the surfaces of said particles are modified by at least one functionalizing agent;
(b) at least one halide salt with a room temperature water solubility greater than 1 g/liter; and
(c) at least one material selected from an organic acid, salt of an organic acid, and ester of an organic acid; and
(d) the said particles have antimicrobial activity by release of ions as the said particles or a matrix in which the said particles are incorporated contacts a microbial environment.
16. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 15 , wherein the salt with water solubility of greater than 1 g/liter is at least one of lithium iodide, sodium iodide and potassium iodide.
17. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 15 , wherein the organic acid is selected from at least one of ascorbic acid, citric acid, cinnamic acid; salt of an organic acid is selected from at least one of alkali ascorbate, alkali citrate and alkali cinnamate.
18. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 15 , further comprising at least one additional antimicrobial agent.
19. A copper releasing composition having antimicrobial activity comprising:
(a) particles containing at least 51% by weight of copper salt wherein the surfaces of the said particles are modified by at least one polymeric functionalization agent; and
(b) at least one halide salt with a room temperature water solubility of greater than 1 g/liter; and
(c) the said particles have antimicrobial activity by release of ions as the said particles or a matrix in which the said particles are incorporated contacts a microbial environment.
20. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 19 , wherein said composition is effective against anaerobic bacteria.
21. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 19 , further comprising at least one material selected from ascorbic acid, citric acid, cinnamic acid, alkali ascorbate, alkali citrate and alkali cinnamate.
22. An antimicrobial composition as in claim 1 , wherein the said copper salt is copper halide.
23. The antimicrobial composition of claim 11 , wherein said copper halide comprises copper iodide.
24. The antimicrobial composition of claim 15 , wherein said copper halide comprises copper iodide.