Power transmission systems
A power transmission system may include a plurality of renewable-energy devices such as wind turbines or subsea turbines. The devices are connected together in parallel to a subsea cable that carries an ac transmission voltage. Each device includes a turbine assembly that is rotated by wind or water current flows, and a variable speed ac induction generator. A power converter is connected to the subsea cable and is used to interface the generators to a supply network or power grid. The power transmission system is operated such that an indicated operating speed of one or more of the devices is used to control the power converter (e.g. the PWM strategy that is used to open and close the power semiconductor devices) to achieve desired stator electrical quantities at each generator.
1. A power transmission system comprising:
a plurality of renewable-energy turbines connected in parallel to a power converter, each renewable-energy turbine including a turbine assembly and an induction generator; and
a controller for the power converter;
wherein the controller uses:
(i) an indication of the operating speed of one or more of the renewable-energy turbines, and/or
(ii) an indication of the speed of the fluid flows acting on the turbine assemblies,
to control the power converter to achieve desired stator electrical quantities at each induction generator to keep the renewable-energy turbines operating substantially at their maximum efficiency.
2. The power transmission system of claim 1 , wherein the induction generators are connected to the power converter by means of a single transmission cable.
3. The power transmission system of claim 1 , wherein the power converter includes a first active rectifier/inverter having a plurality of semiconductor power switching devices, a second active rectifier/inverter having a plurality of semiconductor power switching devices, and a dc link connected between the first active rectifier/inverter and the second active rectifier/inverter;
wherein the first active rectifier/inverter is controlled to achieve desired stator electrical quantities at each induction generator.
4. The power transmission system of claim 1 , further comprising a dump resistor electrically connected to the dc link to provide a grid fault ride-through capability.
5. The power transmission system of claim 1 , further comprising an energy storage device electrically connected to the dc link.
6. A method of operating a power transmission system comprising a plurality of renewable-energy turbines connected in parallel to a power converter, each renewable-energy turbine including a turbine assembly and an induction generator;
the method comprising the step of using:
(i) an indication of the operating speed of one or more of the renewable-energy turbines, and/or
(ii) an indication of the speed of fluid flows acting on the turbine assemblies,
to control the power converter to achieve desired stator electrical quantities at each induction generator to keep the renewable-energy turbines operating substantially at their maximum efficiency.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the operating speed of the one or more of the renewable-energy turbines estimated by one or more of the following: (i) an associated encoder or speed sensor that measures rotor speed, (ii) the stator frequency and slip frequency, and (iii) the speed of the fluid flows that are acting on the turbine assembly.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein an average of the estimated operating speeds of all of the renewable-energy turbines is used to calculate the desired stator electrical quantities at each induction generator.
9. The method of claim 6 , Wherein the estimated operating speed of just one of the renewable-energy turbines is used to calculate the desired stator electrical quantities at each induction generators.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein a control strategy is used to automatically control the power converter to achieve the desired stator electrical quantities at each induction generator.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein the stator voltage is controlled by the power converter to achieve optimum flux in the induction generators when the indicated operating speed is below a threshold.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the stator voltage is controlled by the power converter to be substantially constant when the indicated operating speed is above a threshold.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the stator voltage is controlled by the power converter to be substantially at the rated voltage of the one or more renewable-energy turbines when the indicated operating speed is above the rated speed of the one or more renewable-energy turbines.
14. The method of claim 6 , wherein the indicated operating speed of the one or more renewable-energy turbines is used as a pointer to a look-up table to obtain a desired stator voltage, and the power converter is controlled to achieve the desired stator voltage that is obtained from the look-up table.
15. The method of claim 6 , wherein the power converter is controlled by variable voltage variable frequency control based on a speed reference calculated from an indication of the speed of the fluid flows acting on the turbine assemblies.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the speed of the fluid flows acting on the turbine assemblies is estimated by one or more of the following: (i) the generator power of an induction generators and the output frequency of the power converter, (ii) the average generator power of the induction generators and the output frequency of the power converter, and (iii) the output power and the output frequency of the power converter.