Methods for enhancing muscle performance and tone
Provided herein are methods and compositions for improving muscle performance and increasing endurance. Agonists of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) can be used in such treatments.
1. A method for improving muscle endurance in a subject independent of exercise, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an AMP kinase (AMPK) agonist, wherein the AMPK agonist is 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), and an effective amount of a PPARδ agonist, wherein the PPARδ agonist is (2-methyl-4(((4-methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl)sulfonyl)phenoxy) acetic acid (GW1516), thereby improving muscle endurance in a subject independent of exercise.
2. The use method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has a muscle wasting disease or disorder.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a racing mammal.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the racing mammal is a horse, a dog, or a human.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is an adult.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is an exercise-trained subject.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PPARδ agonist is administered on the same day(s) on which the AMPK agonist is administered.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising having the subject perform aerobic exercise.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein improved endurance comprises improved running distance or improved running time or a combination thereof
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein fatty acid oxidation is increased in at least one skeletal muscle of the subject.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein body fat is reduced.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the body fat is white adipose tissue.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the individual has a neuromuscular disease.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the individual does not participate in substantial exercise prior to experiencing improved muscular endurance following the administering step.