Bell column downtube, reactors utilizing same and related methods
Reactors for carrying out a chemical reaction, as well as related components, systems and methods are provided. In accordance with one embodiment, a reactor is provided that includes a furnace and a crucible positioned for heating by the furnace. A downtube is disposed at least partially within the interior crucible along an axis. At least one structure is coupled with the downtube and extends substantially across the cross-sectional area of the interior volume taken in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis. A plurality of holes is formed in the structure enabling fluid flow therethrough. The structure coupled with the downtube may include a lower body portion and an upper body portion coupled with the lower body portion, wherein the plurality of holes is formed in the lower body portion adjacent to, and radially outward from, a periphery of the upper body portion.
1. A method of controlling a reaction within a reactor, the method comprising:
providing a salt bath within a crucible;
introducing an oxidizing material and a hydrocarbon material into the salt bath at a location near the lowest elevation of the crucible;
flowing gasses produced by at least one of the salt bath, oxidizing material and hydrocarbon material upward through the salt bath through a structurally obstructed flow path,
wherein flowing gasses through a structurally obstructed flow path includes positioning at least one downwardly concave structure in the crucible, the at least one downwardly concave structure having a plurality of openings formed therein.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein providing a salt bath within a crucible includes providing a salt bath containing sodium carbonate.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein introducing an oxidizing material and a hydrocarbon material into the salt bath includes introducing water and residual bitumen into the salt bath.
4. A method of controlling a reaction within a reactor, the method comprising:
providing a salt bath containing sodium carbonate within a crucible;
introducing an oxidizing material comprising water and a hydrocarbon material comprising residual bitumen into the salt bath at a location near the lowest elevation of the crucible;
flowing gasses produced by at least one of the salt bath, oxidizing material and hydrocarbon material upward through the salt bath in an impeded manner;
wherein flowing gasses upward through the salt bath in an impeded manner includes placing at least one structure within an interior volume of the crucible such that it extends substantially through a cross-section thereof, the at least one structure having a substantially concave surface and a plurality of openings formed therein enabling fluid communication from one side of the at least one structure to another side of the at least one structure.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein placing at least one structure within an interior volume of the crucible includes placing a plurality of structures within the interior volume of the crucible at different elevations.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein introducing an oxidizing material and a hydrocarbon material into the salt bath at a location near the lowest elevation of the crucible includes flowing the oxidizing material and the hydrocarbon material through a downtube, including flowing gasses produced by the oxidizing material and the hydrocarbon material through a plurality of openings in a sidewall of the downtube.
7. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising reacting the water and the sodium carbonate to produce sodium hydroxide.
8. The method according to claim 7 , further comprising reacting the sodium hydroxide with the residual bitumen to produce sodium carbonate.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising removing gasses produced by at least one of the salt bath, oxidizing material and hydrocarbon from the crucible.
10. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising separating the removed gasses and producing individual gas streams including a hydrogen gas stream.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein producing individual gas streams includes producing at least one of a carbon monoxide stream and a carbon dioxide stream.
12. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising forming the at least one downwardly concave structure to exhibit a substantially bell shaped geometry.
13. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising forming the at least one downwardly concave structure with an upper body portion and a lower body portion, the upper body portion exhibiting a smaller cross-sectional area than the lower body portion.
14. The method according to claim 13 , further comprising forming the at least one lower body portion to exhibit a cross-sectional area that is substantially complementary with a cross-sectional area of the crucible.
15. The method according to claim 14 , further comprising providing at least some of the plurality of openings in the lower body portion.
16. A method of controlling a reaction within a reactor, the method comprising:
providing a salt bath within a crucible;
introducing an oxidizing material and a hydrocarbon material into the salt bath at a location near the lowest elevation of the crucible;
flowing gasses produced by at least one of the salt bath, oxidizing material and hydrocarbon material upward through the salt bath through a structurally obstructed flow path, wherein flowing gasses through a structurally obstructed flow path includes positioning a plurality of downwardly concave structures within the interior volume of the crucible at different elevations.