Reactor and catalyst for converting natural gas to organic compounds
Herein disclosed is a reactor comprising a housing; an inlet tube having a section with perforations along its length, wherein the inlet tube section is within the reactor housing; an outlet tube having a section with perforations along its length, wherein the outlet tube section is within the reactor housing; and at least one cylinder made of sintered metal contained within the reactor housing, wherein the sintered metal is catalytically active. In some cases, the sintered metal in the reactor comprises a porous metallic multifunctional (PMM) catalyst. Other reactor designs and the method of use are also described herein.
1. A method comprising utilizing a reactor comprising
a housing;
an inlet tube having a section with perforations along its length, wherein said inlet tube section is disposed at least in part within said reactor housing;
an outlet tube having a section with perforations along its length, wherein said outlet tube section is disposed at least in part within said reactor housing; and
at least one cylinder comprising a sintered metal disposed at least in part within the reactor housing, wherein said sintered metal is catalytically active and wherein the residence time through the sintered metal is in the range of from 0.1 to 5000 microseconds;
to produce organic compounds from a feed stream comprising methane and steam and optionally hydrogen.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said sintered metal comprises a porous metallic multifunctional (PMM) catalyst comprising
(a) a catalyst that promotes the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) and a methane steam reforming (MSR) catalyst, wherein said catalyst composition causes oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of said reactive species to produce organic compounds; Or
(b) a catalyst that promotes syngas generation (SG) and a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalyst wherein said catalyst composition causes non-oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of said reactive species to produce organic compounds; or
(c) an SG catalyst, an MSR catalyst, and an FT catalyst wherein said catalyst composition causes non-oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of said reactive species to produce organic compounds; or
(d) an FT catalyst and an MSR catalyst wherein said catalyst composition causes reforming reactions and chain growing reactions to produce organic compounds.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said reactor comprises two or more cylinders, and optionally wherein said at least one cylinder is concentric with respect to the reactor housing.
4. A method comprising utilizing a reactor system comprising a first reactor and a second reactor, wherein an outlet of said first reactor is fluidly connected to an inlet of said second reactor,
wherein each of said reactors comprises a housing; an inlet tube having a section with perforations along its length, wherein said inlet tube section is disposed at least in part within said reactor housing; an outlet tube having a section with perforations along its length, wherein said outlet tube section is disposed at least in part within said reactor housing; and at least one cylinder comprising a sintered metal disposed at least in part within the reactor housing, wherein said sintered metal is catalytically active and wherein the residence time through the sintered metal is in the range of from 0.1 to 5000 microseconds;
to produce organic compounds from a feed stream comprising methane and steam and optionally hydrogen.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the reactor is configured to have a pressure differential across the sintered metal in operation.
6. A method of performing a reaction comprising utilizing a shell and tube reactor comprising
a shell and a multiplicity of sintered metal tubes contained within said shell, wherein said sintered metal tubes are catalytically active and wherein the residence time through the sintered metal is in the range of from 0.1 to 5000 microseconds;
an inlet and an outlet for a heat exchange medium; and
an inlet for reactants and an outlet for products;
to convert reactants to products.
7. The method of claim 4 wherein the reactor system further comprises an inter-reactor gas injector, and optionally inter-reactor heat addition or heat removal.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein said sintered metal tubes comprise a porous metallic multifunctional (PMM) catalyst comprising
(a) a catalyst that promotes the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) and a methane steam reforming (MSR) catalyst, wherein said catalyst composition causes oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of said reactive species to produce organic compounds; or
(b) a catalyst that promotes syngas generation (SG) and a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalyst wherein said catalyst composition causes non-oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of said reactive species to produce organic compounds; or
(c) an SG catalyst, an MSR catalyst, and an FT catalyst wherein said catalyst composition causes non-oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of said reactive species to produce organic compounds; or
(d) an FT catalyst and an MSR catalyst wherein said catalyst composition causes reforming reactions and chain growing reactions to produce organic compounds.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein the pressure of the reactants is higher than the pressure of the heat exchange medium.