Low-risk server consolidation

1. A method for virtual machine (VM) consolidation, comprising:

providing a plurality of resource usage levels for a set of VMs to be consolidated including a first resource usage level, a last resource usage level, and intervening resource usage levels of a target server;

formulating an optimization problem, using a processor, to minimize an objective function such that any of one or more VMs of a set of VMs to be allocated to the target server are assigned to the first resource usage level which includes a maximum resource usage level for the assigned VM and remaining VMs of the set are assigned to the last resource usage level which includes less than the maximum resource usage level for the assigned VM while not exceeding a resource capacity of the target server and while ignoring the intervening resource usage levels for allocation; and

allocating the set of VMs to the target server in accordance with the optimization problem to consolidate the set of VMs.

2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein providing the plurality of resource usage levels includes providing the plurality of resource usage levels for at least one of processor usage, disk input/output bandwidth, and network bandwidth.

3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein formulating the optimization problems includes formulating a mixed integer programming problem.

4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the optimization problem minimizes at least one of a number of servers and total energy usage.

5. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein allocating includes solving the optimization problem to determine an allocation of the set of VMs onto the target server.

6. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising a computer readable program for virtual machine (VM) consolidation, wherein the computer readable program when executed on a computer causes the computer to perform the steps of:

providing a plurality of resource usage levels for a set of VMs to be consolidated including a first resource usage level, a last resource usage level, and intervening resource usage levels of a target server;

formulating an optimization problem to minimize an objective function such that any of one or more VMs of a set of VMs to be allocated to the target server are assigned to the first resource usage level which includes a maximum resource usage level for the assigned VM and remaining VMs of the set are assigned to the last resource usage level which includes less than the maximum resource usage level for the assigned VM while not exceeding a resource capacity of the target server and while ignoring the intervening resource usage levels for allocation; and

allocating the set of VMs to the target server in accordance with the optimization problem to consolidate the set of VMs.

7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as recited in claim 6 , wherein providing the plurality of resource usage levels includes providing the plurality of resource usage levels for at least one of processor usage, disk input/output bandwidth, and network bandwidth.

8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as recited in claim 6 , wherein formulating the optimization problems includes formulating a mixed integer programming problem.

9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as recited in claim 6 , wherein allocating includes solving the optimization problem to determine an allocation of the set of VMs onto the target server.

10. A system for virtual machine (VM) consolidation, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory coupled to the processor including:

a formulation module, formulating formulates an optimization problem on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium to minimize an objective function based upon a plurality of resource usage levels including a first resource usage level, a last resource usage level, and intervening resource usage levels of a target server,

wherein the optimization problem is formulated such that any of one or more VMs of a set of VMs to be allocated to the target server are assigned to the first resource usage level which includes a maximum resource usage level for the assigned VM and remaining VMs of the set are assigned to the last resource usage level which includes less than the maximum resource usage level for the assigned VM while not exceeding a resource capacity of the target server and while ignoring the intervening resource usage levels for allocation; and

an allocation module allocates the set of VMs to the target server in accordance with the optimization problem to consolidate the set of VMs.

11. The system as recited in claim 10 , wherein the plurality of resource usage levels includes the plurality of resource usage levels for at least one of processor usage, disk input/output bandwidth, and network bandwidth.

12. The system as recited in claim 10 , wherein the formulation module formulates a mixed integer programming problem.

13. The system as recited in claim 10 , wherein the optimization problem minimizes at least one of a number of servers and total energy usage.

14. The system as recited in claim 10 , wherein the allocation module solves the optimization problem to determine an allocation of the set of VMs onto the target server.