Fatty acid C16: 1N7-palmitoleate a lipokine and biomarker for metabolic status
The present invention provides for a novel lipokine, C16:1n7-palmitoleate, which also serves as a biomarker for metabolic status. More specifically, a low concentration of C16:1n7-palmitoleate in the free fatty acid component of the serum indicates a risk of metabolic disease, and that de novo lipogenesis should be stimulated. Additionally, administering C16:1n7-palmitoleate to a subject (via nutraceutical or other means), positively impacts lipid metabolism.
1. A method of improving glycemic control/glucose metabolism in a subject in need thereof, comprising the step of administering a pharmaceutical composition or nutraceutical comprising at least 75% w/v C16:1 n7-palmitoleate; wherein said administering of C16:1 n7-palmitoleate is repeated or continued until a serum concentration ranging from about 12.5 μM to about 17.5 μM C16:1 n7-palmitoleate is achieved, and wherein the administration of C16:1 n7-palmitoleate has at least one of the following activities: reduces the impact of lipid-enriched diet on lipid metabolism and lipid composition; improves insulin sensitivity; enhances insulin signaling in muscle tissue; regulates insulin actions in peripheral tissues; rescues diet-induced reduction in insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation; potentiates the proximal insulin-signaling pathway, wherein said potentiation is one of activation of insulin receptor, or phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1, 2 protein kinase AKT in liver; decreases the expression of lipogenic genes in liver, including SCD-1, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and/or fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6).