Stacking of low activity or regenerated catalyst above higher activity catalyst
Processes are provided for using employing lower activity hydrodesulfurization catalysts while achieving a desired product sulfur content. After determining effective reaction conditions for hydrodesulfurization using a reference catalyst system, an upstream portion of the catalyst system can be replaced with a lower activity upstream portion. The process allows tailored product sulfur levels to be achieved using reaction conditions similar to those for the reference catalyst system.
1. A method for treating a distillate feed with a plurality of hydrodesulfurization catalysts, comprising:
determining effective reaction conditions for processing a distillate feed with a first catalyst, including an effective volume of the first catalyst, a temperature, a pressure, a ratio of hydrogen treat gas volume to feed volume, and a liquid hourly space velocity, the effective reaction conditions being suitable to form a distillate product having a target sulfur content of about 100 wppm of sulfur or less;
providing a first volume of the first catalyst;
providing a second volume of a second catalyst in place of a portion of the effective volume of the first catalyst, the second catalyst having a hydrodesulfurization activity from about 75% to about 90% of a hydrodesulfurization activity of the first catalyst, the first volume being from about 50% to about 90% of the effective volume; and
processing the distillate feed under second reaction conditions that are substantially similar to at least the temperature, the pressure, the ratio of treat gas rate volume to feed volume, and the liquid hourly space velocity of the effective reaction conditions, the distillate feed contacting the second volume of catalyst prior to the first volume of catalyst, to produce a distillate product having a sulfur content within about 10 wppm of the target sulfur content.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective reaction conditions comprise an LHSV from about 0.4 hr −1 to about 2.0 hr −1 , a pressure from about 250 psig (about 1.7 MPag) to about 1500 psig (about 10.3 MPag), a temperature from about 550° F. (about 288° C.) to about 750° F. (about 399° C.), and a ratio of hydrogen treat gas volume to feed volume from about 200 scf/bbl (about 34 Nm 3 /m 3 ) to about 5000 scf/bbl (about 840 Nm 3 /m 3 ).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second catalyst is a regenerated catalyst.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst comprises Co and Mo on a support material.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the support material comprises silica, alumina, silica-alumina, titania, or a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the second catalyst comprises Co and Mo on a support material selected from silica, alumina, silica-alumina, titania, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising hydroisomerizing the distillate product under effective hydroisomerization conditions.
8. A method for treating a distillate feed with a plurality of hydrodesulfurization catalysts, comprising:
determining effective reaction conditions for processing a distillate feed with a first catalyst system, including a temperature, a pressure, a ratio of hydrogen treat gas volume to feed volume, and a liquid hourly space velocity, the effective reaction conditions being suitable to form a distillate product having a target sulfur content of about 100 wppm of sulfur or less, the first catalyst system including an upstream volume portion and a downstream volume portion, the downstream volume portion being about 50% to about 90% of a combined volume of the upstream volume portion and the downstream volume portion;
providing the downstream volume portion of the first catalyst system;
providing a second catalyst system having a hydrodesulfurization activity from about 75% to about 90% of a hydrodesulfurization activity of the upstream volume portion of the first catalyst system in place of the upstream volume portion; and
processing the distillate feed under second reaction conditions that are substantially similar to at least the temperature, the pressure, the ratio of treat gas rate volume to feed volume, and the liquid hourly space velocity of the effective reaction conditions, the distillate feed contacting the second catalyst system prior to the downstream volume portion of the first catalyst system, to produce a distillate product having a sulfur content within about 10 wppm of the target sulfur content.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the downstream volume portion comprises at least about 65% of the combined volume.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the activity of the second catalyst system is from about 80% to about 85% of the activity of the upstream volume portion of the first catalyst.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the distillate feed is a mineral distillate feed.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the distillate feed has a boiling point ranging from about 250° F. (about 121° C.) to about 800° F. (about 427° C.).
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the distillate feed has a boiling point ranging from about 450° F. (about 232° C.) to about 1100° F. (about 593° C.).
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the effective reaction conditions comprise an LHSV from about 0.4 hr −1 to about 2.0 hr −1 , a pressure from about 250 psig (about 1.7 MPag) to about 1500 psig (about 10.3 MPag), a temperature from about 550° F. (about 288° C.) to about 750° F. (about 399° C.), and a ratio of hydrogen treat gas volume to feed volume from about 200 scf/bbl (about 34 Nm 3 /m 3 ) to about 5000 scf/bbl (about 840 Nm 3 /m 3 ).
15. The method of claim 8 , wherein the upstream volume portion of the first catalyst system comprises at least one catalyst present in the downstream volume portion.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least one catalyst included in the upstream volume portion of the first catalyst system comprises a highest activity catalyst present in the downstream volume portion.