Floor coverings with universal backing and methods of making, installing, and recycling
A dimensionally stable floor covering comprises a tufted textile substrate and a reinforcement layer attached to the textile substrate. The reinforcement layer includes an adhesive backing compound and reinforcement fibers surrounded by the adhesive backing. The fibers may form a continuous layer on the back side of the floor covering or may be dispersed within the adhesive backing compound. The adhesive backing compound may be hot water-soluble to facilitate recycling of the floor covering. The floor covering may optionally include additional backing layers (including cushions) and may be used as a broadloom carpet, a carpet tile, or other modular floor covering products. Methods of manufacturing, installing, and recycling the present floor coverings are also provided.
1. A method of manufacturing a dimensionally stable floor covering having a universal reinforcing backing layer which can be applied to both broadloom and modular floor coverings, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a tufted textile substrate having a primary backing substrate and a plurality of yarns tufted through the primary backing substrate in a first direction, the primary backing substrate having a face side and a back side opposite the face side, a portion of each yarn forming a stitch portion located on the back side of the primary backing substrate, and an interstitial space existing between each yarn;
moving the tufted textile substrate relative to an applicator and providing space between the stitch portions of the yarns and the applicator;
providing a composition having a mixture of adhesive and reinforcement fibers;
applying pressure in a controlled manner between the applicator and tufted textile substrate and pushing the adhesive and reinforcement fiber composition in a second direction that is toward the back side of the primary backing substrate;
aligning the fibers to lay predominately in the first direction during said application of pressure and the movement of the tufted textile substrate, and aligning the reinforcement fibers into a reinforcement layer of fibers that is substantially parallel to the first direction;
providing in situ filtration of the composition for pushing the adhesive away from the reinforcement fibers, pushing only adhesive into the interstitial spaces between the yarns, preventing the fibers from penetrating the interstitial spaces, and laminating the reinforcement layer of fibers together;
forming a wet-laid continuous, overlapping reinforcement layer of the fibers that is substantially parallel to the first direction thereby providing dimensional stability for the entire floor covering; and
curing the reinforcement layer of fibers and separated adhesive.