Method of cooling an internal space using a superabsorbent polymer
A method and system for cooling an internal space are provided. A laminate of a hydrophobic membrane and a hydrophilic membrane includes a superabsorbent polymer disposed on or encompassing the hydrophilic membrane. The superabsorbent polymer increases the wicking capacity of the hydrophilic membrane so that water from a source is distributed more rapidly across the hydrophilic membrane. The distributed water is evaporated from the hydrophilic membrane, causing evaporative cooling of the laminate and surrounding air stream(s). The cooled air stream(s) are used to cool the internal space.
1. A method of cooling an internal space, comprising the steps of:
providing a laminate including a hydrophobic membrane and a hydrophilic membrane;
transporting water across the hydrophilic membrane, resulting in distribution of the water across the hydrophilic membrane; and
evaporating the water from the hydrophilic membrane, resulting in evaporative cooling of the laminate and formation of a stream of cool, moist air from the hydrophilic membrane;
wherein the hydrophilic membrane comprises a superabsorbent polymer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic membrane comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polypropylene and polyethylene homopolymers and copolymers, polytetrafluoroethylenes, polyesters, polycarbonates, and titanium foam, nickel foams, and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the superabsorbent polymer is applied directly to the hydrophobic membrane to form the hydrophilic membrane.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic membrane comprises a hydrophilic base material to which the superabsorbent polymer is applied.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the hydrophilic base material is selected from the group consisting of Manila paper, filter paper, other cellulose materials, cotton fabrics, and combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the superabsorbent polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed acrylonitrile-grafted starch; acrylic acid-grafted starch; methyl cellulose; chitosan; carboxymethyl cellulose; hydroxypropyl cellulose; natural gums; alkali metal and ammonium salts of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylamides and polyvinyl ethers; hydrolyzed maleic anhydride copolymers with vinyl ethers and alpha-olefins; polyvinyl pyrrolidone; polyvinyl morpholinone; polyvinyl alcohol; chloride and hydroxide salts of polyvinyl amine; polyquaternary ammonium polyamine; hydrolyzed polyamide; and combinations of the foregoing with each other and with zeolites.
7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the superabsorbent polymer is spray coated onto the hydrophobic membrane.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the superabsorbent polymer is crosslinked.
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the superabsorbent polymer has a basis weight of about 0.5 to about 5 mg/cm 2 .
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water is transported across the hydrophilic membrane by wicking.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of transporting the water across the hydrophilic membrane comprises vertically positioning the laminate with a lower portion immersed in water and wicking the water vertically across the hydrophilic membrane toward an upper portion of the laminate.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of flowing warm dry air adjacent to the hydrophobic membrane, cooling the dry air by passing it across the hydrophobic membrane of the cooled laminate, and transporting the cooled dry air to the internal space for cooling the internal space.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the warm dry air and the cooled dry air are maintained separate from the stream of cool, moist air.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of transporting the stream of cool, moist air to the internal space for cooling the internal space.
15. A system for cooling an internal space, comprising:
a laminate including a hydrophobic membrane and a hydrophilic membrane;
a water source for supplying water to the hydrophilic membrane, resulting in the transporting and distribution of water from the source across the hydrophilic membrane; and
an evaporation device for evaporating water from the hydrophilic membrane, resulting in evaporative cooling of the laminate and the formation of a stream of cool, moist air from the hydrophilic membrane;
wherein the hydrophilic membrane comprises a superabsorbent polymer.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the superabsorbent polymer is applied directly to the hydrophobic membrane.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the hydrophilic membrane comprises a base material to which the superabsorbent polymer is applied.
18. The system of claim 15 , wherein the superabsorbent polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed acrylonitrile-grafted starch; acrylic acid-grafted starch; methyl cellulose; chitosan; carboxymethyl cellulose; hydroxypropyl cellulose; natural gums; alkali metal and ammonium salts of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylamides and polyvinyl ethers; hydrolyzed maleic anhydride copolymers with vinyl ethers and alpha-olefins; polyvinyl pyrrolidone; polyvinyl morpholinone; polyvinyl alcohol; chloride and hydroxide salts of polyvinyl amine; polyquaternary ammonium polyamine; hydrolyzed polyamide; and combinations of the foregoing with each other and with zeolites.
19. The system of claim 15 , wherein the water source comprises a water pool and one end of the laminate is immersed in the pool, resulting in wicking of water across the hydrophilic membrane.
20. The system of claim 15 , wherein the evaporation device comprises a stream of warm dry air.
21. The system of claim 15 , further comprising a source of warm dry air applied to the hydrophobic membrane of the cooled laminate, resulting in cooled dry air.
22. The system of claim 15 , further comprising a device for transporting the cool moist air to the internal space.
23. The system of claim 21 , further comprising a device for transporting the cooled dry air to the internal space.
24. The system of claim 15 , wherein the superabsorbent polymer is crosslinked.
25. A system for cooling an internal space, comprising:
a laminate including a hydrophobic membrane and a hydrophilic membrane, the hydrophilic membrane including a crosslinked superabsorbent polymer;
a water source;
apparatus for distributing water from the water source across the hydrophilic membrane;
apparatus for evaporating water from the hydrophilic membrane to cause evaporative cooling of the laminate; and
apparatus for generating and transporting cooled air from the evaporatively cooled laminate to the internal space, for cooling of the internal space.