Impedance matching for ultrasound phased array elements
A system includes a transducer configured to emit ultrasound in response to receiving an electrical signal from a driving circuit. The transducer includes a first dimension that determines a frequency of the ultrasound and a second dimension that determines an impedance of the transducer. The frequency is independent of the second dimension.
1. An acoustic transducer array comprising:
a plurality of transducers;
a substrate;
a plurality of conducting electrodes that provide electrical driving signals to the plurality of transducers;
wherein each of the plurality of transducers comprise cylindrical walls, the cylindrical walls forming each of the plurality of transducers into a cylindrical shape, the cylindrical walls having heights that define the lengths of the transducers, the height defined by a first end thereof and a second end thereof distal from the first end, wherein the first end and the second end are oriented perpendicular to the direction of ultrasound propagation, and further having wall thicknesses, the wall thicknesses defined by a pair of opposing faces that are different from the first end and the second end, wherein the wall thicknesses define the thickness of the transducers, wherein the cylindrical walls further define an interior volume of each such transducer, and wherein each of the plurality of transducers is coupled to the substrate at one of the first end and the second end;
wherein each transducer is configured to receive an electrical driving signal by way of a pair of conducting electrodes electrically coupled to the respective opposing faces of the transducer, and each transducer is further configured to provide a respective ultrasonic output corresponding to the received electrical driving signal;
wherein each transducer is configured to emit its respective ultrasonic output from the second end of the transducer and directed away from the transducer;
wherein each of the plurality of transducers has a length resonance frequency defined by its length; and
wherein each of the plurality of transducers has an electrical impedance defined by its thickness for a given length.
2. The array of claim 1 , wherein the transducers are polarized along a direction parallel to their thicknesses so as to resonate in a length resonance mode at a length resonance frequency defined by their lengths.
3. The array of claim 1 , wherein a surface area of the pair of conducting electrodes of the transducer defines an electrical impedance of the transducer.
4. The array of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of transducers further comprise a loading material disposed within the interior volumes of the transducers.
5. An ultrasonic source, comprising:
a substrate that supports a transducer;
wherein the transducer has a first end thereof proximal to the substrate and a second end thereof distal from the substrate, wherein the first and second ends of the transducer define its length;
wherein the transducer has a thickness orthogonal to its length;
wherein the transducer includes cylindrical walls, the cylindrical walls forming the transducer into a cylindrical shape, wherein the cylindrical walls further define an interior volume of the transducer, and wherein the transducer is coupled to the substrate at one of the first end and the second end
wherein the transducer is configured to receive an electrical driving signal by way of a pair of conducting electrodes electrically coupled to respective opposing faces of the transducer, and wherein the transducer is further configured to provide an ultrasonic output corresponding to the received electrical driving signal;
wherein the transducer is configured to emit its respective ultrasonic output from the second end of the transducer and directed away from the substrate;
wherein the opposing faces of the transducer are different from the first and second ends of the transducer;
wherein the transducer has a length resonance frequency defined by its length; and
wherein the transducer has an electrical impedance defined by its thickness for a given length and further wherein the thickness does not have an effect on the resonance frequency.
6. The array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of transducers are polarized along a direction orthogonal to the direction of wave propagation.
7. The array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of transducers are positioned such that the center-to-center spacing between each of the plurality of transducers is equal to one-half wavelength of the ultrasonic output.
8. The array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of transducers are positioned such that the center-to-center spacing between each of the plurality of transducers is less than one-half wavelength of the ultrasonic output.