Reactors for forming foam materials from high internal phase emulsions, methods of forming foam materials and conductive nanostructures therein
An RF inductor such as a Tesla antenna splices nanotube ends together to form a nanostructure in a polymer foam matrix. High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) is gently sheared and stretched in a reactor comprising opposed coaxial counter-rotating impellers, which parallel-align polymer chains and also carbon nanotubes mixed with the oil phase. Stretching and forced convection prevent the auto-acceleration effect. Batch and continuous processes are disclosed. In the batch process, a fractal radial array of coherent vortices in the HIPE is preserved when the HIPE polymerizes, and helical nanostructures around these vortices are spliced by microhammering into longer helices. A disk radial filter produced by the batch process has improved radial flux from edge to center due to its area-preserving radial vascular network. In the continuous process, strips of HIPE are pulled from the periphery of the reactor continuously and post-treated by an RF inductor to produce cured conductive foam.
1. A radial disk filter, composed of a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) foam and having:
a periphery;
an axial exhaust port disposed central to the periphery of the radial disk filter;
a fractal vascular network extending through the radial disk filter from the periphery to the axial exhaust port, the fractal vascular network configured to filter a solution inward from the periphery, through the fractal vascular network, and into the axial exhaust port; and
an axial extraction pump in fluid communication with the axial exhaust port and configured to draw the solution through the radial disk filter and expel a filtrate remotely from the radial disk filter.
2. The radial disk filter of claim 1 , further comprising nanomaterials aligned within the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) foam.
3. The radial disk filter of claim 2 , wherein the nanomaterials are carbon nanotubes.
4. The radial disk filter of claim 1 , comprising a radial array of conductive helices comprised of conductive nanomaterials aligned within the HIPE foam by a radio frequency inductor configured to induce an electrical current within the conductive nanomaterials.
5. The radial disk filter of claim 4 , wherein the radial array comprises carbon nanotubes linked by microhammering by the induced electrical current of the radio frequency inductor.
6. A plurality of radial disk filters of claim 1 arranged in an array, the axial exhaust port of each radial disk filter of the array aligned along a common axis with a single axial extraction pump located at an end of the axis and configured to draw the solution through the plurality of radial disk filters of the array and expel a filtrate remotely from the array.
7. The array of claim 6 , wherein the array is configured to be rotated to induce a shear lift effect upon particles suspended within the solution, the shear lift effect preventing the particles from contacting the rotating array.