Production of aromatics from di- and polyoxygenates
Methods, catalysts, and reactor systems for producing in high yield aromatic chemicals and liquid fuels from a mixture of oxygenates comprising di- and polyoxygenates are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods, catalysts, and reactor systems for producing aromatic chemicals and liquid fuels from oxygenated hydrocarbons such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like; and methods, catalysts, and reactor systems for producing the mixture of oxygenates from oxygenated hydrocarbons such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like. The disclosed catalysts for preparing the mixture of oxygenates comprise a Group VIII metal and a crystalline alumina support.
1. A method for producing hydrocarbons, the method comprising:
reacting a mixture of C 2-6 oxygenates with a condensation catalyst to produce a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising C 4+ alkanes and aryls;
wherein the mixture of oxygenates comprises a member selected from the group consisting of C 2-6 monoxygenates, C 2-6 dioxygenates, C 2-6 polyoxygenates, and combinations thereof;
wherein the mixture of oxygenates has a H:C eff ratio greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.7; and
wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons comprises greater than or equal to 50% CF aryls and less than or equal to 20% CF C 4+ alkanes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of oxygenates has one or more attributes selected from the group consisting of (i) a % CF ratio greater than or equal to 0.5 of dioxygenates and polyoxygenates to monooxygenates, (ii) a % CF ratio greater than or equal to 0.5 of dioxygenates to monooxygenates, (iii) a % CF ratio greater than or equal to 1.0 of C 2-4 oxygenates to C 5-6 oxygenates, and (iv) the mixture of oxygenates further comprising less than or equal to 10% CF alkanes.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons comprises greater than or equal to 55% CF aryls, greater than or equal to 60% CF aryls, or greater than or equal to 65% CF aryls.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of hydrocarbon comprises less than or equal to 15% CF C 4+ alkanes, less than or equal to 10% CF C 4+ alkanes, or less than or equal to 5% CF C 4+ alkanes.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the H:C eff ratio of the mixture of oxygenates is less than or equal to 1.6, less than or equal to 1.5, or less than or equal to 1.4.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the H:C eff ratio of the mixture of oxygenates is greater than or equal to 0.6, greater than or equal to 0.7, greater than or equal to 0.8, greater than or equal to 0.9, or greater than or equal to 1.0.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of oxygenates comprises greater than or equal to 30% CF dioxygenates and polyoxygenates.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the mixture of oxygenates comprise greater than or equal to 40% CF dioxygenates and polyoxygenates, greater than or equal to 50% CF dioxygenates and polyoxygenates, or greater than or equal to 60% CF dioxygenates and polyoxygenates.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of oxygenates comprises greater than or equal to 30% CF dioxygenates.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the mixture of oxygenates comprise greater than or equal to 40% CF dioxygenates, greater than or equal to 50% CF dioxygenates, or greater than or equal to 50% CF dioxygenates.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aryls comprise one or more aryls selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, paraxylene, metaxylene, orthoxylene, and ethylbenzene.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of oxygenates is produced by reacting an aqueous feedstock, the aqueous feedstock comprising water and one or more oxygenated hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, cellulosic derivatives, hemicellulosic derivatives, lignin derivatives, lignocellulosic derivatives, and mixtures thereof, with hydrogen in the presence of a deoxygenation catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a crystalline alumina support.
13. A method for producing hydrocarbons, the method comprising:
(a) reacting an aqueous feedstock, the aqueous feedstock comprising water and one or more oxygenated hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, cellulosic derivatives, hemicellulosic derivatives, lignin derivatives, lignocellulosic derivatives, and mixtures thereof, with hydrogen in the presence of a deoxygenation catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a crystalline alumina support to produce a mixture of C 2-6 oxygenates and
(b) reacting the mixture of C 2-6 oxygenates with a condensation catalyst to produce a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising C 4+ alkanes and aryls, wherein the mixture of oxygenates comprises a member selected from the group consisting of C 2-6 monoxygenates, C 2-6 dioxygenates, C 2-6 polyoxygenates, and combinations thereof wherein the mixture of oxygenates has a H:C eff ratio greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.7; and
wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons comprises greater than or equal to 50% CF aryls and less than or equal to 20% CF C 4+ alkanes.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixture of oxygenates has one or more attributes selected from the group consisting of (i) a % CF ratio greater than or equal to 0.5 of dioxygenates and polyoxygenates to monooxygenates, (ii) a % CF ratio greater than or equal to 0.5 of dioxygenates to monooxygenates, (iii) a % CF ratio greater than or equal to 1.0 of C 2-4 oxygenates to C 5-6 oxygenates, and (iv) the mixture of oxygenates further comprising less than or equal to 10% CF alkanes.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons comprises greater than or equal to 55% CF aryls, greater than or equal to 60% CF aryls, or greater than or equal to 65% CF aryls.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons comprises less than or equal to 15% CF C 4+ alkanes, less than or equal to 10% CF C 4+ alkanes, or less than or equal to 5% CF C 4+ alkanes.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the H:C eff ratio of the mixture of oxygenates is less than or equal to 1.6, less than or equal to 1.5, or less than or equal to 1.4.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the H:C eff ratio of the mixture of oxygenates is greater than or equal to 0.6, greater than or equal to 0.7, greater than or equal to 0.8, greater than or equal to 0.9, or greater than or equal to 1.0.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the catalyst further comprises a second metal selected from the group consisting of Group IB, Group IIB, Group IIIB, Group IVB, Group VB, Group VIB, Group VIIB, Group VIII, Group IIIA, Group IVA, and Group VA.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the Group VIII metal is Ni or Pd.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the second metal comprises Sn or Mo.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the catalyst comprises greater than or equal to 0.5 wt % of the Group VIII metal and greater than or equal to 0.05 wt % of the second metal.
23. The method of claim 13 , wherein the crystalline alumina support is a transitional alumina support.
24. The method of claim 13 , wherein the crystalline alumina support is theta-alumina.
25. The method of claim 13 , wherein the crystalline support is modified with a member selected from the group consisting of B, Cr, Ce, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, Nb, W, Zr, and mixtures thereof.
26. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixture of oxygenates comprises greater than or equal to 30% CF dioxygenates and polyoxygenates, greater than or equal to 40% CF dioxygenates and polyoxygenates, greater than or equal to 50% CF dioxygenates and polyoxygenates, or greater than or equal to 60% CF dioxygenates and polyoxygenates.
27. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixture of oxygenates comprise greater than or equal to 30% CF dioxygenates, greater than or equal to 40% CF dioxygenates, greater than or equal to 50% CF dioxygenates, or greater than or equal to 60% CF dioxygenates.
28. The method of claim 13 , wherein the aryls comprise one or more aryls selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, paraxylene, metaxylene, orthoxylene, and ethylbenzene.
29. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons further comprises a member selected from the group consisting of C 4+ alkenes, C 5+ cycloalkanes, a C 5+ cycloalkenes, fused aryls, polycyclic compounds, and mixtures thereof.
30. The method of claim 13 , wherein the H:C eff ratio of the oxygenated hydrocarbons is less than or equal to 0.4.
31. The method of claim 13 , wherein the greater than or equal to 50% CF of oxygenated hydrocarbons have 5 or 6 continuous carbon atoms.