Materials as additives for advanced lubrication
This invention relates to carbon-based materials as anti-friction and anti-wear additives for advanced lubrication purposes. The materials comprise carbon nanotubes suspended in a liquid hydrocarbon carrier. Optionally, the compositions further comprise a surfactant (e.g., to aid in dispersion of the carbon particles). Specifically, the novel lubricants have the ability to significantly lower friction and wear, which translates into improved fuel economies and longer durability of mechanical devices and engines.
1. A lubricant composition comprising a particulate carbon nanotube material suspended in a liquid hydrocarbon carrier; wherein individual carbon nanotubes comprise a nanotubular carbon particle encapsulating a metal nanoparticle at an end thereof; wherein the metal nanoparticle has face-centered cubic crystal symmetry and is selected from the group consisting of a cobalt nanoparticle and an iron nanoparticle; and the nanotubular carbon particle has an average tubular diameter of less than about 100 nm.
2. The lubricant composition of claim 1 wherein the metal nanoparticle is a cobalt nanoparticle.
3. The lubricant composition of claim 1 wherein metal nanoparticle is an iron nanoparticle.
4. The lubricant composition of claim 1 further comprising a surfactant.
5. The lubricant composition of claim 4 wherein the surfactant comprises a non-ionic surfactant.
6. The lubricant composition of claim 4 wherein the surfactant comprises sorbitan trioleate.
7. The lubricant composition of claim 4 wherein the surfactant is present in the composition at a concentration in the range of about 1000 to about 20000 parts-per-million (ppm).
8. The lubricant composition of claim 1 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon carrier comprises a poly(alpha olefin).
9. The lubricant composition of claim 8 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon carrier comprises a poly(alpha olefin) and the particulate carbon nanotube material is present in the composition at a concentration in the range of about 0.5 to about 1 wt %.
10. The lubricant composition of claim 9 further comprising a non-ionic surfactant.
11. The lubricant composition of claim 10 wherein the surfactant comprises sorbitan trioleate.
12. The lubricant composition of claim 1 wherein the particulate carbon nanotube material is prepared by heating a precursor composition under autogenic pressure in a sealed vessel and the precursor composition comprises a combination of (a) low or high density polyethylene and (b) about 5 to about 20 wt % of a metal-containing compound; wherein the metal of the metal-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of cobalt and iron.
13. The lubricant composition of claim 12 wherein the metal-containing compound comprises at least one material selected from the groups consisting of a metal carboxylate salt, metal phosphate salt, a metal oxide, a metal sulfide, a metal carbine, a metal boride, a metal nitride, and an organometallic compound.
14. The lubricant composition of claim 12 wherein the metal-containing compound comprises cobalt acetate.
15. The lubricant composition of claim 14 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon carrier comprises a poly(alpha olefin), the carbon particles are present in the composition at a concentration in the range of about 0.5 to about 1 wt %, and the composition further comprises a non-ionic surfactant.
16. The lubricant composition of claim 12 wherein the metal-containing compound comprises ferrocene.
17. The lubricant composition of claim 16 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon carrier comprises a poly(alpha olefin), the carbon particles are present in the composition at a concentration in the range of about 0.5 to about 1 wt %, and the composition further comprises a non-ionic surfactant.