Device for injecting and mixing fluids in a downward-flow reactor
The catalytic reactor with downward flow comprises a chamber ( 1 ) containing at least two solid catalyst beds ( 2; 11 ) separated by an intermediate zone comprising an essentially horizontal collecting plate ( 5 ) communicating with a vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ) for receiving fluids collected by the collecting plate, with a means for injecting a quenching fluid ( 8 ) emptying into the collecting pipe. An annular mixing chamber ( 9 ) is located below the collecting plate ( 5 ). A predistribution plate ( 11 ) is arranged below the chamber ( 9 ). The injection means ( 8 ) comprises a tubular portion that empties into the collecting pipe ( 7 ) in such a way as to inject quenching fluid in a direction forming an angle θ between 45° and 135° with the direction D from the axis of the mixing chamber measured at its input end.
1. A catalytic reactor with downward flow comprising:
a chamber ( 1 ) containing at least two solid catalyst beds ( 2 , 14 ) separated by an intermediate zone comprising a device for mixing fluids, said device comprising:
at least one essentially horizontal collecting plate ( 5 ) communicating with a vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ) for receiving fluids collected by said collecting plate ( 5 ),
at least one means for injecting a quenching fluid ( 8 ) emptying into said collecting pipe ( 7 ),
an annular mixing chamber ( 9 ) located below the plate ( 5 ), said mixing chamber ( 9 ) comprising an input end ( 6 ) directly connected to said vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ) and an output end ( 10 ) for evacuating fluids, and
a predistribution plate ( 11 ) comprising a number of perforations and comprising at least one shaft ( 13 ), said predistribution plate ( 11 ) being located below said mixing chamber ( 9 ),
wherein said means for injecting a quenching fluid ( 8 ) comprises a tubular portion that is connected to and empties into said vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ), and said tubular portion having an axis at the end of the tubular portion that is connected to said vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ), wherein said axis of said tubular portion forms an angle θ with a direction D, and wherein direction D corresponds to the direction of the axis of said mixing chamber ( 9 ) at the connection between said mixing chamber ( 9 ) and said vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ), and wherein said angle θ is between 45° and 135°.
2. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the axis said tubular portion is essentially horizontal.
3. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the angle θ is between 80° and 100°.
4. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ) has a circular cross-section and wherein said means for injecting a quenching fluid ( 8 ) is arranged in such a way that the distance h1 between said axis of said tubular portion and said axis of said vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ) is between 0 and the radius of said vertical collecting pipe.
5. The reactor according to claim 4 , wherein said distance h1 is equal to 0 and said axis of said tubular portion crosses said axis of said vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ).
6. The reactor according to claim 4 , wherein said distance h1 is equal to approximately the radius of said vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ) and said axis of said tubular portion is tangential to the wall of said vertical collecting pipe ( 7 ).
7. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said predistribution plate ( 11 ) is located below said mixing chamber ( 9 ) at a distance d2 of between 0 and 100 mm.
8. The reactor according to claim 7 , wherein said distance d2 is equal to 0 mm, and said mixing chamber ( 9 ) is in contact with said predistribution plate ( 11 ).
9. The reactor according to claim 7 , wherein the distance d2 is between 0.25 and 100 mm.
10. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said mixing chamber ( 9 ) is positioned on the periphery of the chamber ( 1 ) of the reactor.
11. The reactor according to claim 10 , wherein said annular chamber ( 9 ) consists of a portion of a pipe having an axis in the shape of an arc.
12. The reactor according to claim 11 , wherein said annular mixing chamber ( 9 ) is positioned at a distance d1 from the chamber ( 1 ) of the reactor, with the distance d1 varying from 0.5% to 25% of the diameter of the chamber ( 1 ) of the reactor.
13. The reactor according to claim 11 , wherein the diameter d of said annular mixing chamber ( 9 ) is between 0.05 and 0.5 m.
14. The reactor according to claim 11 , wherein the length of said mixing chamber ( 9 ) is defined by the angle that is formed by the planes passing through the two ends of said mixing chamber and said angle is between 90 and 270 degrees.
15. The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising an essentially horizontal distribution plate ( 12 ) positioned below said predistribution plate ( 11 ).
16. A process for using a reactor according to claim 1 , comprising: circulating at least one reaction fluid from the top to the bottom of said reactor ( 1 ) through said at least two solid catalyst beds ( 2 , 14 ) and injecting a quenching fluid is injected into said means for injecting a quenching fluid ( 8 ).
17. The reactor according to claim 7 , wherein the distance d2 is between 0.5 and 5 mm.
18. The reactor according to claim 11 , wherein the diameter d of said annular mixing chamber ( 9 ) is between 0.1 and 0.3 m.
19. The reactor according to claim 11 , wherein the diameter d of said annular mixing chamber ( 9 ) is between 0.15 and 0.25 m.
20. The reactor according to claim 11 , wherein the length of said mixing chamber ( 9 ) is defined by the angle that is formed by the planes passing through the two ends of said mixing chamber and said angle is between 100 and 250 degrees.
21. The reactor according to claim 11 , wherein the length of said mixing chamber ( 9 ) is defined by the angle that is formed by the planes passing through the two ends of said mixing chamber and said angle is between 130 and 200 degrees.