Power and telecommunications surge protection apparatus
The invention provides a power surge protection apparatus which includes at least one large capacitor used within a surge protection circuit associated with an electrical load to be protected. This large capacitor or capacitors are arranged to divert and store at least a portion of the energy present in a transient voltage surge to prevent or mitigate damage to the protected electrical load. In preferred embodiments the invention uses large capacitors in the form of electrical double layer capacitors.
1. A power surge protection apparatus, comprising:
at least one large capacitor used within a surge protection circuit associated with an electrical load to be protected, said large capacitor being configured to divert, dissipate, and store at least a portion of the energy present in a transient voltage surge to prevent or mitigate damage to said electrical load;
at least one non-linear element connected with said at least one large capacitor, the connection of the large capacitor with said at least one non-linear element allowing charging of the large capacitor when the non-linear element activates; and
at least one transformer, said at least one large capacitor is connected across terminals of the primary and secondary windings of said at least one transformer but not to the terminals which are connected together.
2. The power surge protection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the combination of the large capacitor and the non-linear element prevents charging of the large capacitor in the absence of a transient voltage surge.
3. The power surge protection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the non-linear element is formed by one or more of a metal oxide varistor, a break over diode, thyristor, and a gas discharge tube.
4. The power surge protection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one transformer has at least three terminals, whereby the connection of said at least one transformer provides a static voltage difference across the large capacitor.
5. The power surge protection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one transformer includes a multi-winding transformer.
6. The power surge protection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one transformer includes a two-winding transformer.
7. The power surge protection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said transformer is interposed between a supply line on which transient surges are experienced and the large capacitor with a load to be protected.
8. The power surge protection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the large capacitor is connected across the primary and secondary windings of the transformer with the ratio of primary to secondary windings being configured to provide the large capacitor a static voltage difference for which the large capacitor is rated.
9. The power surge protection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one large capacitor is provided by an electrical double layer capacitor.
10. The power surge protection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the power surge protection apparatus is integrated with circuitry for a power board, printed circuit board or multi-plug system to provide surge protection capabilities for any electrical load subsequently plugged into the board.
11. The power surge protection apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , which is integrated into power supply or control componentry of an electrical load.