Dual path thermoelectric energy harvester
A thermoelectric energy harvester comprises a cyclic energy input terminal supplying heat energy in a first part of the cycle to a thermal storage reservoir through a low thermal resistance generator. During a second part of the cycle, the thermal storage reservoir returns stored heat energy to the environment through an independent thermal circuit and a higher thermal resistance thermoelectric generator.
1. An apparatus for generating electric power from a thermal differential, comprising:
a thermal reservoir in which thermal energy is stored; and
a first and a second thermoelectric generators thermally coupled between said thermal reservoir and a spectrally selective heat source terminal and a heat sink terminal, respectively, said first thermoelectric generator having a first thermal resistance and said second thermoelectric generator having a second thermal resistance, said first thermal resistance having a value less than a value of said second thermal resistance.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said thermal reservoir further comprises a phase change material having a phase transition temperature.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said phase change material is selected from the group: paraffinic wax and hydrated salts.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said spectrally selective heat source terminal further comprises an absorber having a first surface upon which is disposed a spectrally selective layer and a second surface, said second surface thermally coupled to said first thermoelectric generator.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said spectrally selective layer is absorptive in a band of wavelengths encompassing visible and near infrared radiation and is non-emissive in a band of wavelengths encompassing black body peak radiation at temperatures of said thermal reservoir phase change material phase transition temperature.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a first heat pipe having proximal and distal ends, said first heat pipe affixed at said proximal end to said first thermal generator such that said first thermal generator is coupled to said thermal reservoir via said first heat pipe.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said first heat pipe further comprises said first heat pipe having at least one slot disposed therein at said first heat pipe distal end.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a second heat pipe having proximal and distal ends, said second heat pipe affixed at said proximal end to said second thermal generator such that said second thermal generator is coupled to said thermal reservoir via said second heat pipe.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said second heat pipe further comprises a second heat pipe having at least one slot disposed therein at said second heat pipe distal end.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a heat sink radiator thermally coupled to said second thermoelectric generator.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a first heat pipe having an outside diameter value, having a proximal end at said first thermal generator, and having a distal end, a length of said first heat pipe from said proximal end to said distal end having a first magnitude;
a second heat pipe having an inside diameter value, having a proximal end at said second thermal generator, and having a distal end, a length of said second heat pipe from said proximal end to said distal end having a second magnitude;
a housing surrounding said first heat pipe and said second heat pipe and containing a phase change material in thermal contact with said first heat pipe and said second heat pipe,
wherein said inside diameter value is greater than said outside diameter value such that said first heat pipe is disposed within said second heat pipe without contact, and wherein said first magnitude is greater than said second magnitude.