Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (poss)-based bioactive hybrid glass as a scaffold for hard tissue engineering
A hybrid bioactive glass comprising a plurality of POSS-cages each having at least one flexible arm radiating from an Si atom of the POSS-cage, each POSS-cage being covalently linked to another POSS-cage through an Si—O—Si linkage between two flexible arms. A method of forming a hybrid bioactive glass comprising the steps of providing a plurality of POSS-cages, each having at least one reactive flexible arm radiating from an Si atom detailed by —X—Si[R 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 ], wherein X is an arm extension located between the Si—O—Si linkage and an Si atom of the POSS-cage, wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are also the same or different, and at least one of the R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is an alkoxide, and reacting the plurality of POSS-cages through a sol-gel method to form a covalently-linked network and incorporating Ca+2 ions therein, the sol-gel process comprising hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of the plurality of POSS-cages.
1. A hybrid bioactive glass to be utilized for biotissues, tissue engineering or bone scaffolds, the hybrid bioactive glass comprising:
a plurality of POSS-cages each having at least one flexible arm radiating from an Si atom of the POSS-cage, each POSS-cage being covalently linked to another POSS-cage through an —(Rx,OH)Si—O—Si(Ry,OH)— linkage between two of said flexible arms to form a covalently-linked network, wherein Rx and Ry are independently selected from the group consisting of organic groups, alkoxy groups and hydroxyl groups.
2. The hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 1 , wherein each said POSS-cage is covalently bonded to at least 2 other POSS-cages.
3. The hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 2 , wherein said flexible arms include an arm extension between the —(Rx,OH)Si—O—Si(Ry,OH)— linkage and the Si atom of the POSS cage, the arm extension being an alkane chain of 10 carbon atoms or less.
4. The hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 2 , wherein said flexible arms include an arm extension between the —(Rx,OH)Si—O—Si(Ry,OH)— linkage and the Si atom of the POSS cage, the arm extension being an alkane chain of at least 2 carbon atoms.
5. The hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 2 , wherein said POSS-cage comprises a cage structure selected from one of (i) 6 Si atoms, (ii) 8 Si atoms, (iii) 10 Si atoms, or (iv) 12 Si atoms.
6. The hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 5 , wherein said POSS-cage comprises a cage structure of 8 Si atoms.
7. The hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 1 , wherein said each POSS-cage is crosslinked to another POSS-cage to form said covalently-linked network.
8. The hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 1 , where Rx and Ry are hydroxyl groups.
9. A method of forming a hybrid bioactive glass comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a plurality of POSS-cages, each having at least one reactive flexible arm radiating from an Si atom, wherein said reactive flexible arm is represented by the formula —X—Si[R1,R2,R3], wherein X is an arm extension, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are also the same or different, and at least one of said R1, R2 and R3 is an alkoxide; and
(b) reacting said plurality of POSS-cages through a sol-gel method employing a calcium alkoxide to form a covalently-linked network and incorporating Ca +2 ions into the covalently-linked network so formed, said sol-gel process comprising hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions forming Si—O—Si linkages, wherein X is located between the Si—O—Si linkages and an Si atom of the POSS-cage, and wherein during hydrolysis at least one of said R1, R2 and R3 is converted to an hydroxyl group.
10. The method of forming a hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 9 , wherein at least one of said R1, R2 and R3 is selected from —OCnH2n+1.
11. The method of forming a hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 10 , wherein n is less than 10.
12. The method of forming a hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 9 , wherein R1 is an ethoxy group.
13. The method of forming a hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 9 , wherein R1 is a methoxy group.
14. The method of forming a hybrid bioactive glass as in claim 9 , wherein R1 is a prop oxy group.
15. The method of forming a hybrid bioglass as in claim 9 , wherein said hydrolysis reaction of said step of reacting employs a solvent and an acid catalyst.
16. The method of forming a hybrid bioglass as in claim 15 , wherein said solvent is ethanol.
17. The method of forming a hybrid bioglass as in claim 15 , wherein said acid catalyst is HCl.
18. The method of forming a hybrid bioglass as in claim 15 , wherein said sol-gel method incorporates calcium alkoxide during the polycondensation reaction.
19. A hybrid bioactive glass manufactured by the process of claim 9 .