Method of treating cholangiocarcinoma and apparatus
Biological implants have an electroplated surface wherein a substantial portion of the electroplated surface is covered with dendrites. The dendrites assist in maintaining the implant in location. When the metal is a radioactive metal or the surface of the electroplated is coated with a radioactive material, the dendrites increase surface area thereby increasing radiation dosage and further extend the radioactive surface farther away from the surface of the implant, further enhancing radioactive emission. This is particularly useful for a cholangiocarcinoma stent which can be implanted into the biliary stent to treat cholangiocarcinoma.
1. A method of treating cholangiocarcinoma comprising implanting a self-supporting tubular member into a bile duct of a patient wherein said member has an exterior surface and an interior surface said exterior surface comprising a metal film electroplated onto said member wherein said metal film has an exterior surface comprising greater than 1.5 percent by area dendrites;
wherein said metal film comprises tin-117m;
and wherein said member has a proximal end nearer a duodenum of said patient and a distal end wherein said proximal end is larger than said distal end.
2. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein said member is a stent.
3. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein said surface comprises at least 12 percent by area dendrites.
4. A radioactive implant said implant having an electroplated metal exterior surface wherein said exterior surface is at least about 1.7% dendrites, wherein said metal comprises tin-117m.
5. The radioactive implant claimed in claim 4 wherein said surface is at least about 3% dendrites.
6. The radioactive implant claimed in claim 4 wherein said surface is at least about 5% dendrites.
7. The radioactive implant claimed in claim 4 wherein said implant comprises at least about 12% dendrites.
8. The radioactive implant claimed in claim 4 wherein said surface is further coated with collagen.
9. The implant claimed in claim 4 wherein said implant is tubular.
10. The implant claimed in claim 9 wherein said implant is a stent.
11. An implant comprising an expandable stent having an exterior metal surface comprising an electroplated metal film wherein said exterior surface is at least about 1.7 percent dendrites by area, wherein said metal is tin-117m.
12. The method of treating pancreatic cancer by implanting the stent of claim 11 in one of a common bile duct, a pancreatic duct or a hilar bile duct.