Photocatalyst
The present invention relates to a photocatalyst and a method of manufacturing a photocatalyst. More specifically, the present invention relates to a high surface area TiO 2 photocatalyst formed by electrolytic discharge oxidation (EDO) of a substrate comprising titanium. A flexible high surface area photocatalyst architecture comprising a compliant, cohesive, well-adhered and highly porous surface layer of the anatase phase of titanium dioxide is provided. The highly porous surface layer of the anatase phase of titanium dioxide is formed in a single step by the electrolytic oxidation of a titanium surface on a permeable, flexible, and electrically conductive substrate sponge structure.
1. A photocatalyst comprising an electrically conductive titanium substrate with an exposed titanium dioxide surface having a macroporous architecture, wherein the titanium dioxide surface has a surface area of over 5 m 2 per gram of titanium dioxide, and wherein the titanium dioxide surface comprises a volume fraction of at least about 70% of the anatase phase.
2. The photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the titanium dioxide has a microporous structure, at least at a surface thereof.
3. The photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the macroporous architecture is formed from titanium wire configured as a sponge or mesh.
4. The photocatalyst as claimed in 3 , wherein the sponge or mesh is open or reticulated.
5. The photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the macroporous architecture is formed from a perforated titanium sheet material.
6. A structure comprising an electrically conductive titanium substrate having an exposed titanium dioxide surface with a macroporous architecture, wherein the titanium dioxide surface has a surface area of over 5 m 2 per gram of titanium dioxide, and wherein the titanium dioxide surface comprises greater than about 90 wt % of the anatase phase.
7. A method of manufacturing a photocatalyst comprising an electrically conductive titanium substrate having a macroporous architecture, comprising converting exposed surfaces of the titanium substrate into titanium dioxide by a plasma electrolytic oxidation process, wherein the titanium dioxide surfaces have a surface area of over 5m 2 per gram of titanium dioxide, and wherein the titanium dioxide surfaces comprise a volume fraction of the anatase phase greater than about 70%.
8. The method of manufacturing a photocatalyst as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the titanium dioxide has a microporous structure, at least at a surface thereof.
9. The method of manufacturing a photocatalyst as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the macroporous architecture is formed from titanium wire woven into a sponge or mesh.
10. The method of manufacturing a photocatalyst as claimed in 9 , wherein the sponge or mesh is open or reticulated.
11. The method of manufacturing a photocatalyst as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the macroporous architecture is formed from a perforated titanium sheet material.
12. A method of manufacturing a structure comprising an electrically conductive titanium substrate having a macroporous architecture, comprising converting exposed surfaces of the titanium substrate into titanium dioxide by a pulsed, bipolar plasma electrolytic oxidation process in an alkaline electrolyte, wherein the titanium dioxide surfaces have a surface area of over 5m 2 per gram of titanium dioxide, and wherein the titanium dioxide surface comprises greater than about 90 wt % of the anatase phase.