Apparatus and process for generation of energy by organic rankine cycle
An apparatus for generation of energy through organic Rankine cycle comprises a heat exchanger ( 3 ) to exchange heat between a high temperature source and an organic working fluid, so as to heat and evaporate said working fluid, an expansion turbine ( 4 ) of the radial-outflow type, fed with the vaporized working fluid outflowing from the heat exchanger ( 3 ), to make a conversion of the thermal energy present in the working fluid into mechanical energy according to a Rankine cycle, a condenser ( 6 ) where the working fluid outflowing from the turbine ( 4 ) is condensed and sent to a pump ( 2 ) and then fed to the heat exchanger ( 3 ).
1. An ORC apparatus for generation of electric energy by organic Rankine cycle, comprising:
at least one heat exchanger ( 3 ) to exchange heat between a high temperature source and an organic working fluid, so as to heat and evaporate said working fluid until the working fluid reaches the vapour phase;
at least one expansion turbine ( 4 ) fed with the vaporised working fluid in the vapour phase coming out of the heat exchanger ( 3 ), to make a conversion of the thermal energy present in the vaporized working fluid in the vapour phase into mechanical energy according to a Rankine cycle;
an electric generator ( 5 ), the expansion turbine ( 4 ) being connected to the electric generator ( 5 );
at least one condenser ( 6 ) where the working fluid outflowing from said at least one turbine ( 4 ) is condensed and sent to at least one pump ( 2 ); the fluid is then fed to said at least one heat exchanger ( 3 );
wherein the expansion turbine ( 4 ) is in part of the radial-outflow type and comprises: one rotor disc ( 17 ) rotating about a rotation axis (X-X), at least one first series of rotor blades ( 22 a ) mounted on a front face ( 18 ) of the rotor disc ( 17 ) and disposed around the rotation axis (X-X) and at least one first series of stator blades ( 24 a ) mounted on the box ( 7 ), facing the rotor disc ( 17 ) and disposed around the rotation axis (X-X), said at least one first series of rotor blades ( 22 a ) and said at least one first series of stator blades ( 24 a ) being radial stages of the turbine ( 4 );
wherein the turbine ( 4 ) further comprises at least one axial stage fitted on a radially external perimeter of the rotor disc ( 17 ).
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the expansion turbine ( 4 ) comprises at least one second series of rotor blades ( 22 b , 22 c ) disposed at a position radially external to the first series of rotor blades ( 22 a ) and at least one second series of stator blades ( 24 b , 24 c ) disposed at a position radially external to the first series of stator blades ( 24 a ).
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the expansion turbine ( 4 ) comprises a baffle ( 25 ) fixedly mounted on the box ( 7 ) at the axial inlet ( 15 ) and adapted to radially deviate the axial flow towards the first series of stator blades ( 24 a ).
4. An apparatus as claimed in the claim 3 , wherein the baffle ( 25 ) has a convex surface ( 25 a ).
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the baffle ( 25 ) carries the first series of stator blades ( 24 a ) at a radially peripheral portion thereof.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the front face ( 18 ) of the rotor disc ( 17 ) and the face ( 23 ) of the box ( 7 ) carrying the stator blades ( 24 a , 24 b , 24 c ) diverge from each other on moving away from the rotation axis (X-X).
7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the expansion turbine ( 4 ) comprises a diffuser ( 27 ) placed at a position radially external to the stator blades ( 24 a , 24 b , 24 c ) and rotor blades ( 22 a , 22 b , 22 c ).
8. An ORC process for generation of electric energy by organic Rankine cycle, comprising:
i) feeding an organic working fluid through at least one heat exchanger ( 3 ) to exchange heat between a high temperature source and said working fluid, so as to heat and evaporate said working fluid until the working fluid has reached the vapour phase;
ii) feeding the vaporised organic working fluid in the vapour phase outflowing from the heat exchanger ( 3 ) to at least one expansion turbine ( 4 ) connected to an electric generator ( 5 ), to make a conversion of the thermal energy present in the vaporized working fluid in the vapour phase into mechanical energy according to a Rankine cycle and then into electric energy through the generator ( 5 );
iii) feeding the organic working fluid outflowing from said at least one expansion turbine ( 4 ) to at least one condenser ( 6 ) where the working fluid is condensed;
iv) sending the organic working fluid outflowing from the condenser ( 6 ) to said at least one heat exchanger ( 3 );
wherein in step ii) the expansion turbine ( 4 ) is in part a radial-outflow turbine and the way followed by the working fluid from an inlet ( 15 ) to an outlet ( 16 ) of the expansion turbine is first a radial-outflow way and then the working fluid crosses an axial stage fitted on a perimeter of a rotor disc ( 17 ) of the turbine ( 4 ).
9. A process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the organic working fluid is selected from the group consisting of perfluoro-2-methylpentane, perfluoro 1,3 dimethylcyclohexane, hexamethyldisiloxane and octamethyltrisiloxane.
10. A process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the organic working fluid is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, ketones, siloxanes, and fluorinated materials.
11. A process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the organic working fluid has a molecular weight included between 150 and 500 g/mol.