Anisotropic gap etch
A method of anisotropically dry-etching exposed substrate material on a patterned substrate is described. The patterned substrate has a gap formed in a single material made from, for example, a silicon-containing material or a metal-containing material. The method includes directionally ion-implanting the patterned structure to implant the bottom of the gap without implanting substantially the walls of the gap. Subsequently, a remote plasma is formed using a fluorine-containing precursor to etch the patterned substrate such that either (1) the walls are selectively etched relative to the floor of the gap, or (2) the floor is selectively etched relative to the walls of the gap. Without ion implantation, the etch operation would be isotropic owing to the remote nature of the plasma excitation during the etch process.
1. A method of etching a patterned substrate, the method comprising:
ion implanting the patterned substrate, wherein ion implanting the patterned substrate comprises ion implanting an exposed undoped bottom portion of a gap in the patterned substrate with carbon, wherein both the exposed undoped bottom portion and an exposed undoped sidewall portion of the gap comprise silicon, wherein the exposed undoped sidewall portion and the exposed undoped bottom portion are formed from a single material having the same stoichiometry prior to ion implantation, and wherein the ion implantation dopes the exposed undoped bottom portion to form an exposed doped bottom portion but the ion implantation does not dope the exposed undoped sidewall portion;
placing the patterned substrate in a substrate processing region of a substrate processing chamber;
combining a fluorine-containing precursor with a hydrogen-containing precursor in a remote plasma region fluidly coupled to the substrate processing region by way of a showerhead while forming a remote plasma in the remote plasma region to produce plasma effluents; and
anisotropically etching the patterned substrate such that the exposed undoped sidewall portion etches at a greater etch rate than the exposed doped bottom portion.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the fluorine-containing precursor is nitrogen trifluoride and the hydrogen-containing precursor is molecular hydrogen (H 2 ).
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the exposed undoped sidewall portion etches more rapidly than the exposed doped bottom portion by a ratio of at least 25:1.
4. A method of etching a patterned substrate, the method comprising:
ion implanting the patterned substrate, wherein ion implanting the patterned substrate comprises ion implanting an exposed bottom portion of a gap in a silicon oxide layer on the patterned substrate, wherein the exposed bottom portion and an exposed sidewall portion of the gap each comprise silicon oxide;
placing the patterned substrate in a substrate processing region of a substrate processing chamber;
flowing a fluorine-containing precursor into a remote plasma region fluidly coupled to the substrate processing region by way of a showerhead while forming a remote plasma in the remote plasma region to produce plasma effluents;
flowing a hydrogen-and-oxygen-containing precursor into the substrate processing region without first passing the hydrogen-and-oxygen-containing precursor through the remote plasma region, wherein the hydrogen-and-oxygen-containing precursor comprises an O—H bond;
combining the plasma effluents with the hydrogen-and-oxygen-containing precursor in the substrate processing region; and
anisotropically etching the patterned substrate such that the exposed sidewall portion of the gap and the exposed bottom portion of silicon oxide etch at different etch rates from one another.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the operation of anisotropically etching the patterned substrate etches the exposed sidewall portion more rapidly than the exposed bottom portion.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the operation of anisotropically etching the patterned substrate etches the exposed sidewall portion more slowly than the exposed bottom portion.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the exposed sidewall portion etches more rapidly than the exposed bottom portion by a ratio of at least 15:1.
8. A method of etching a patterned substrate, the method comprising:
forming a gap in a material layer on the patterned substrate, wherein forming the gap forms an exposed undoped bottom portion of the gap and an exposed undoped sidewall portion of the gap having the same material composition upon formation;
ion implanting the patterned substrate, wherein ion implanting the patterned substrate comprises ion implanting the exposed undoped bottom portion of the gap to form an exposed doped bottom portion of the gap; and
anisotropically etching the patterned substrate such that the exposed undoped sidewall portion and the exposed doped bottom portion etch at different etch rates from one another.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the operation of anisotropically etching the patterned substrate etches the exposed undoped sidewall portion more rapidly than the exposed doped bottom portion.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the operation of anisotropically etching the patterned substrate etches the exposed undoped sidewall portion more slowly than the exposed doped bottom portion.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the operation of ion implanting the patterned substrate comprises accelerating ions vertically into the gap on the patterned substrate.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the operation of anisotropically etching the patterned substrate is a dry-etch process.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the operation of ion implanting the patterned substrate is a local plasma process.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein the material layer is a metal-containing layer or a silicon-containing layer.