Cross-classroom and cross-institution item validation

1. A server for pretesting items for subsequent presentation to participants in a target class, the system comprising:

a processor; and

a computer readable medium comprising instructions to perform the operations comprising:

transmitting, by the server, an item to devices associated with a potential set of students, wherein the item is presented by the devices associated with the potential set of students;

receiving first student input data from at least some of the devices associated with the potential set of students, wherein the first student input data is received in response to presenting the item to the potential set of students;

receiving at least one value of a characteristic associated with students in the potential set of students, wherein the characteristics corresponds with a demographic characteristic, a behavioral characteristic, or a performance characteristic of the students;

pruning, by the server, at least one of the first student input data received in response to presenting the item from the potential set of students to form a composite class of remaining students, wherein the composite class of remaining students comprises the first student input data and the composite class of remaining students is associated with a value matching the at least one value of the characteristic;

transmitting a post task question to at least some of the devices associated with the composite class of remaining students;

receiving second student input data in response to the post task question;

creating guidance on revising the item based at least in part on the first student input data or second student input data received from the devices associated with the composite class of remaining students; and

transmitting, by the server, the guidance for revising the item to an instructor device associated with the target class.

2. The server of claim 1 , wherein success of the item is assessed by determining a number or percentage of members of the composite class of remaining students answered the item correctly.

3. The server of claim 1 , wherein success of the item is assessed by a number or percentage of received input that indicates at least some understanding of material covered by the item.

4. The server of claim 1 , the operations further comprising:

determining, by the server, that the characteristics associated with the composite class of remaining students correspond with the characteristics of the target class.

5. The server of claim 1 , wherein the revised item is automatically transmitted to the instructor device associated with the target class.

6. The server of claim 1 , wherein the pruning implements a nonparametric matching algorithm.

7. The server of claim 1 , wherein the pruning implements a coarsened exact matching algorithm.

8. A method for pretesting items for subsequent presentation to participants in a target class, the method comprising:

transmitting, by a computer system, an item to devices associated with a potential set of students, wherein the item is presented by the devices associated with the potential set of students;

receiving first student input data from at least some of the devices associated with the potential set of students, wherein the first student input data is received in response to presenting the item to the potential set of students;

receiving at least one value of a characteristic associated with students in the potential set of students, wherein the characteristics corresponds with a demographic characteristic, a behavioral characteristic, or a performance characteristic of the students;

pruning, by the computer system, at least one of the first student input data received in response to presenting the item from the potential set of students to form a composite class of remaining students, wherein the composite class of remaining students comprises the first student input data and the composite class of remaining students is associated with a value matching the at least one value of the characteristic;

transmitting a post task question to at least some of the devices associated with the composite class of remaining students;

receiving second student input data in response to the post task question;

creating guidance on revising the item based at least in part on the first student input data or second student input data received from the devices associated with the composite class of remaining students; and

transmitting, by the computer system, the guidance for revising the item to an instructor device associated with the target class.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein success of the item is assessed by determining a number or percentage of members of the composite class of remaining students answered the item correctly.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein success of the item is assessed by a number or percentage of received input that indicates at least some understanding of material covered by the item.

11. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:

determining, by the server, that the characteristics associated with the composite class of remaining students correspond with the characteristics of the target class.

12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the revised item is automatically transmitted to the instructor device associated with the target class.

13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the pruning implements a nonparametric matching algorithm.

14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the pruning implements a coarsened exact matching algorithm.

15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a plurality of instructions that when executed control a computer system to pretest items for subsequent presentation to participants in a target class, the instructions comprising:

transmitting, by a computer system, an item to devices associated with a potential set of students, wherein the item is presented by the devices associated with the potential set of students;

receiving first student input data from at least some of the devices associated with the potential set of students, wherein the first student input data is received in response to presenting the item to the potential set of students;

receiving at least one value of a characteristic associated with students in the potential set of students, wherein the characteristics corresponds with a demographic characteristic, a behavioral characteristic, or a performance characteristic of the students;

pruning, by the computer system, at least one of the first student input data received in response to presenting the item from the potential set of students to form a composite class of remaining students, wherein the composite class of remaining students comprises the first student input data and the composite class of remaining students is associated with a value matching the at least one value of the characteristic;

transmitting a post task question to at least some of the devices associated with the composite class of remaining students;

receiving second student input data in response to the post task question;

creating guidance on revising the item based at least in part on the first student input data or second student input data received from the devices associated with the composite class of remaining students; and

transmitting, by the computer system, the guidance for revising the item to an instructor device associated with the target class.

16. The computer readable medium of claim 15 , wherein success of the item is assessed by determining a number or percentage of members of the composite class of remaining students answered the item correctly.

17. The computer readable medium of claim 15 , wherein success of the item is assessed by a number or percentage of received input that indicates at least some understanding of material covered by the item.

18. The computer readable medium of claim 15 , the instructions further comprising:

determining, by the server, that the characteristics associated with the composite class of remaining students correspond with the characteristics of the target class.

19. The computer readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the revised item is automatically transmitted to the instructor device associated with the target class.

20. The computer readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the pruning implements a nonparametric matching algorithm.