Ink coating formulations and polymerizable systems for producing the same
Ink and coating compositions, printing and coating processes, and printed and coated substrates utilizing a polymerizable composition comprising one or more di-activated vinyl compounds, with the proviso that said a di-activated vinyl compound is not a cyanoacrylate. Exemplary compositions include methylene malonates, methylene β-ketoesters, methylene β-diketones, dialkyl disubstituted vinyls, and dihaloalkyl disubstituted vinyls. Exemplary compositions are polymerizable at ambient temperatures.
1. A composition comprising a polymerizable composition, the polymerizable composition comprising:
a di-activated vinyl compound, the di-activated vinyl compound being selected from the group consisting of methylene malonate, methylene β-ketoester, methylene β-diketone, dialkyl disubstituted vinyl, dihaloalkyl disubstituted vinyl, and combinations thereof; and
a coloring agent;
wherein the polymerizable composition is curable at ambient temperature with substantially no energy input.
2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the coloring agent comprises one or more members of the group consisting of: organic pigment, organometallic pigment, mineral-based pigment, carbon pigments, titanium pigment, azo compound, quinacridone compound, phthalocyanine compound, cadmium pigment, chromium pigment, cobalt pigment, copper pigment, iron pigment, clay earth pigment, lead pigment, mercury, aluminum pigment, manganese pigment, ultramarine pigment, zinc pigment, arsenic pigment, tin pigment, iron oxide pigment, antimony pigment, barium pigment, a biological pigment, dye, photochromic, conductive and liquid crystal polymer pigment, piezochromic pigment, goniochromatic pigment, silver pigment, diketopyrrolo-pyrrole, benzimidazolone, isoindoline, isoindolinone, and radio-opacifier.
3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ink composition exhibits a shelf-life of 6 months or greater at ambient temperature.
4. The composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a polymerization activator, wherein the polymerization activator is in the form of a base, a base precursor, a base converter, or base enhancer.
5. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein the polymerization activator comprises one or more of an organic material, an inorganic material, and an organometallic material.
6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein the polymerization activator comprises one or more of: sodium acetate; potassium acetate; acid salts of sodium, potassium, lithium, copper, and cobalt; tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, chloride, and hydroxide; an amine whether primary, secondary or tertiary; an amide; salts of polymer bound acids; benzoate salts; 2,4-pentanedionate salts; sorbate salts; propionate salts; secondary aliphatic amines; piperidene, piperazine, N-methylpiperazine, dibutylamine, morpholine, diethylamine, pyridine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tri ethylenediamine, N,N-dimethylpiperazine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, nonylamine, decylamine; salts of amines with organic monocarboxylic acids; piperidine acetate; metal salt of a lower monocarboxylic acid; copper(II) acetate, cupric acetate monohydrate, potassium acetate, zinc acetate, zinc chloracetate, magnesium chloracetate, magnesium acetate; and salts of polyacrylic acid copolymers.
7. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein the polymerization activator comprises about 2% or less of the polymerizable composition by weight.
8. The composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a formulation additive.
9. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein the formulation additive comprises one or more of plasticizers, thixotropic agents, adhesion promoters, antioxidants, light stabilizers, UV stabilizers, fillers, surfactants, wetting agents, viscosity modifiers, extenders, dispersants, anti-blocking agents, defoamers, air release agents, anti-sagging agents, anti-setting agents, matting agents, flattening agents, waxes, anti-mar additives, anti-scratch additives, and inert resins.
10. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein the formulation additive comprises one or more of hydroquinone monomethyl ether and methane sulfonic acid.
11. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the di-activated vinyl compound is a methylene malonate compound.
12. The composition according to claim 11 , wherein the methylene malonate compound is diethyl methylene malonate.
13. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the di-activated vinyl compound comprises a monofunctional di-activated vinyl compound.
14. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the di-activated vinyl compound comprises a difunctional or multifunctional di-activated vinyl compound.
15. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable composition is about 100% solids.
16. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable composition is curable by anionic polymerization.
17. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable composition is curable by free-radical polymerization.
18. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable composition is cross-linkable.
19. The composition according to claim 1 having a viscosity of about 3 centipoise or more.