Process for separating hydrocarbon compounds
Disclosed herein are processes for producing and separating ethane and ethylene. In some embodiments, an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) product gas comprising ethane and ethylene is introduced to a separation unit comprising two separators. Within the separation unit, the OCM product gas is separated to provide a C 2 -rich effluent, a methane-rich effluent, and a nitrogen-rich effluent. Advantageously, in some embodiments the separation is achieved with little or no external refrigeration requirement.
1. A process for producing hydrocarbon compounds via oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), comprising:
combining a feedstock gas comprising methane with an oxygen-containing gas comprising oxygen to produce a combined gas;
bringing the combined gas in contact with an OCM catalyst in an OCM reactor to generate an OCM reactor effluent stream that includes ethylene and unreacted methane;
separating the OCM reactor effluent stream into at least a first stream, a second stream, and a third stream;
expanding at least a portion of the first stream substantially isentropically to produce an expanded first stream and expanding at least a portion of the third steam substantially isentropically to produce an expanded third stream;
directing the expanded first stream and the second stream to a separations unit to separate at least a portion of a mixture of the expanded first stream and the second stream into a first effluent stream comprising ethylene and a second effluent stream comprising unreacted methane, wherein the separations unit is operated at a first temperature that is less than 25° C. and at a first pressure that is greater than 1 atmosphere; and
separating at least a portion of the second effluent stream and at least a portion of the expanded third stream in an additional separations unit to provide a methane-rich effluent and a nitrogen-rich effluent.
2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
compressing the at least a portion of the mixture of the expanded first stream and the second stream prior to separating the at least a portion of the mixture of the expanded first stream and the second stream into the first effluent stream and the second effluent stream.
3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising:
increasing a pressure of the at least a portion of the mixture of the expanded first stream and the second stream to at least 200 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) prior to separating the at least a portion of the mixture of the expanded first stream and the second stream and the second effluent stream.
4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
condensing at least a portion of the second stream to produce a condensed second stream.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the condensing comprises flashing the at least a portion of the second stream to a lower pressure.
6. The process of claim 4 , further comprising:
prior to the condensing, performing at least any two of (i) reducing a water content of the at least a portion of the second stream to about 0.001 mole percent (mol %) or less, (ii) reducing a carbon dioxide content of the at least a portion of the second stream to about 5 parts per million by volume (ppmv) or less, or (iii) reducing an acetylene content of the at least a portion of the second stream to about 1 part per million by volume (ppmv) or less.
7. The process of claim 4 , further comprising:
separating at least a portion of the expanded first stream and at least a portion of the condensed second stream in the separations unit to provide at least a portion of the first effluent stream.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the additional separations unit is operated at a second temperature that is less than 25° C. and at a second pressure that is greater than 1 atmosphere,
wherein the second pressure is lower than the first pressure; and
wherein the second temperature is lower than the first temperature.
9. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
adding at least a portion of the methane-rich effluent to the feedstock gas prior to or during the combining the feedstock gas with the oxygen-containing gas.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first effluent stream comprises at least about 90 mole percent (mol %) C 2 and higher hydrocarbon compounds.
11. A process for producing hydrocarbon compounds via oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), comprising:
combining a feedstock gas comprising methane with an oxygen-containing gas comprising oxygen to produce a combined gas;
bringing the combined gas in contact with an OCM catalyst in an OCM reactor to generate an OCM reactor effluent stream that includes ethylene and unreacted methane;
separating the OCM reactor effluent stream into at least a first stream, a second stream and a third stream;
expanding at least a portion of the first stream in a first turboexpander to produce an expanded first stream and expanding at least a portion of the third stream in a second turboexpander to produce an expanded third stream;
directing the expanded first stream and the second stream to a separations unit to separate at least a portion of a mixture of the expanded first stream and the second stream into a first effluent stream comprising ethylene and a second effluent stream comprising the unreacted methane, wherein the separations unit is operated at a first temperature that is less than 25° C. and at a first pressure that is greater than 1 atmosphere; and
separating at least a portion of the second effluent stream and at least a portion of the expanded third stream in an additional separations unit to provide a methane-rich effluent and a nitrogen-rich effluent.
12. The process of claim 11 , further comprising:
compressing the at least a portion of the mixture of the expanded first stream and the second stream prior to separating the at least a portion of the mixture of the expanded first stream and the second stream into the first effluent stream and the second effluent stream.
13. The process of claim 12 , further comprising:
increasing a pressure of the at least a portion of the mixture of the expanded first stream and the second stream to at least 200 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) prior to separating the at least a portion of the mixture of the expanded first stream and the second stream into the first effluent stream and the effluent stream.
14. The process of claim 11 , further comprising:
condensing at least a portion of the second stream to produce a condensed second stream.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the condensing comprises flashing the at least a portion of the second stream to a lower pressure.
16. The process of claim 14 , further comprising:
prior to the condensing, performing at least any two of (i) reducing a water content of the at least a portion of the second stream to about 0.001 mole percent (mol %) or less, (ii) reducing a carbon dioxide content of the at least a portion of the second stream to about 5 parts per million by volume (ppmv) or less, or (iii) reducing an acetylene content of the at least a portion of the second stream to about 1 part per million by volume (ppmv) or less.
17. The process of claim 14 , further comprising:
separating at least a portion of the expanded first stream and at least a portion of the condensed second stream in the separations unit to provide at least a portion of the first effluent stream.
18. The process of claim 11 , wherein the additional separations unit is operated at a second temperature that is less than 25° C. and at a second pressure that is greater than 1 atmosphere,
wherein the second pressure is lower than the first pressure; and
wherein the second temperature is lower than the first temperature.
19. The process of claim 11 , further comprising:
adding at least a portion of the methane-rich effluent to the feedstock gas prior to or during the combining the feedstock gas with the oxygen-containing gas.
20. The process of claim 11 , wherein the first effluent stream comprises at least about 90 mole percent (mol %) C 2 and higher hydrocarbon compounds.