Membranes for wastewater-generated energy and gas
An example includes an apparatus, method, and system for producing and extracting a gas from a wastewater fluid. The apparatus can include a membrane including at least one hollow fiber, the at least one hollow fiber configured to convey a gas extracted from a wastewater fluid. Bacteria can be immobilized within the membrane, and the bacteria configured to produce the gas during treatment of the wastewater fluid.
1. An apparatus for producing a hydrogen gas from a wastewater fluid, comprising:
a membrane including:
a first layer of a first polymer;
immobilized acetogenic bacteria, wherein the immobilized acetogenic bacteria are immobilized within the first polymer and configured to produce a hydrogen gas in a hydrogen production zone from one or more compounds in a wastewater fluid,
a second layer of a second polymer, the second layer adjacent the first layer;
a third layer of a third polymer, the third layer adjacent the first layer, the second layer and the third layer being substantially abiotic, the second layer and the third layer configured to isolate the hydrogen production zone from the wastewater fluid; and
a plurality of hollow fibers embedded within the first layer, the plurality of hollow fibers configured to convey the hydrogen gas produced by the immobilized acetogenic bacteria away from the membrane.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hollow fibers are configured to permit passage of the gas produced by the immobilized bacteria from the first polymer into the hollow fibers.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer, the second polymer, and the third polymer include at least one of poly(vinyl alcohol), polyacrylamide, and poly(ethylene oxide), polypropylene oxide, latex, nylon, and Pluronic F127 dimethacrylate.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer, the second polymer, and the third polymer are substantially the same.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer is configured to substantially prevent diffusion of the produced gas into the second polymer and the third polymer.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hollow fibers includes a fiber material the fiber material including at least one of silicone, polypropylene, and polyethylene.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the membrane has a thickness of about 0.2 millimeters to about 1.0 centimeters.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hollow fibers are formed of a hydrophobic material or a hydrophilic material.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hollow fibers are potted at a first end to a first manifold and potted at a second end to a second manifold, wherein the plurality of hollow fibers are configured to convey the gas to the second manifold.
10. A system, comprising:
a membrane including a plurality of hollow fibers each having a first end and a second end, the first end potted to a first manifold, the second end potted to a second manifold, wherein the membrane is configured to convey a hydrogen gas produced from and extracted from a wastewater stream to the second manifold;
an acetogenic bacteria immobilized within a first polymer layer of the membrane, the acetogenic bacteria configured to produce the gas from the wastewater fluid in a hydrogen production zone, the plurality of hollow fibers embedded within the first polymer layer and the plurality of hollow fibers configured to draw the gas from the first polymer layer into the plurality of hollow fibers; and
a second polymer layer of the membrane, wherein the first polymer layer is adjacent to the second polymer layer, wherein the second polymer layer is configured to substantially prevent diffusion of the extracted hydrogen gas into the wastewater stream.