Quarter wave coaxial cavity igniter for combustion engines
An apparatus and method for igniting combustible materials in a combustion chamber of a combustion engine using corona discharge plasma from a quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator. A tapered quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator is adapted to mate with the combustion chamber. The quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator is coupled with an energy shaping means, or waveform generator, that develops the appropriate waveform for triggering radio frequency oscillations in the quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator. A loop coupling is angularly positioned within the quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator to match impedances between the quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator and the energy shaping means, or waveform generator. Radio frequency oscillations produce a standing wave in the quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator and a corona discharge plasma develops near the center conductor. The corona discharge plasma developed near the center conductor ignites the combustible materials in the combustion chamber of the combustion engine.
1. A method of igniting a combustible material in a combustion chamber of a combustion engine, comprising:
receiving an electrical stimulus from an ignition control system associated with the combustion engine;
generating a waveform in a waveform generator capable of triggering an RF oscillation in a quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator in response to said electrical stimulus;
coupling said waveform to said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator through an angularly positioned loop coupling to trigger said RF oscillation in said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator, said loop coupling being angularly positioned within said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator to match an impedance between said waveform generator and quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator;
generating a standing wave in said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator using said RF oscillation, said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator being operably adapted to produce a corona near a center conductor when said standing wave is present;
producing plasma from said corona near said center conductor of said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator; and
igniting the combustible material in the combustion chamber of the combustion engine using said plasma.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying feedback from said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator to said waveform generator to determine a frequency of said RF oscillation.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying feedback from said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator to said waveform generator to dynamically match said impedance of said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said waveform is generated in a pulsed magnetron microwave supply.
5. A plasma ignition system, comprising:
a waveform generator having a power output and a feedback input; and
a quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator comprising:
a center conductor;
a loop coupling angularly positioned relative to said center conductor to match impedances of said waveform generator with said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator; and
a feedback sense separate from said loop coupling;
said loop coupling of said coaxial cavity resonator operably coupled to said power output of said waveform generator;
said feedback sense operably coupled to said feedback input of said waveform generator;
said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator being a frequency determining element in creation of an RF oscillation with said waveform generator; and
said RF oscillation resulting in a standing wave in said quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator such that an RF corona is formed near said center conductor thereby creating plasma to ignite a combustible material.
6. The plasma ignition system of claim 5 , wherein said waveform generator further comprises a waveform power shaping means.
7. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is an RF field effect transistor.
8. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is an FET.
9. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is an HEMT.
10. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is an MMIC.
11. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is a negative resistance device.
12. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is a Gunn diode.
13. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is a transferred electron device.
14. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is an IMPATT diode.
15. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is a TRAPATT diode.
16. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is a spark gap.
17. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is a pulse amplifying device.
18. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is an electron tube.
19. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is an electron drift tube.
20. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is a traveling wave tube.
21. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is an amplitron.
22. The plasma ignition system of claim 6 , wherein said waveform power shaping means is a magnetron.
23. The plasma ignition system of claim 5 , wherein said feedback sense is a probe.
24. The plasma ignition system of claim 5 , wherein said feedback sense is a pickup loop.
25. The plasma ignition system of claim 5 , wherein said feedback sense is a waveguide.